四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.20

3.20

言制意者。《薩婆多》云：欲現未曾有法故；一切九十六種外道，無此三名，為異外道故。《分別功德論》：為三時故，制有三衣；冬則著重，夏則著輕，春則著中。亦為諸蟲故。《智論》云：佛聖弟子，住於中道，故著三衣；外道裸身無恥，白衣多貪重著也。《十誦》：為異外道故，便以刀截，知是慚愧人衣。《雜含》云：修四無量者，並剃鬚髮，服三法衣出家也。準此而名，則慈悲者之服。《華嚴》云：著袈裟者，捨離三毒等。《四分》云：懷抱於結使，不應披袈裟等。《薩婆多》五意制三衣也：一一衣不能障寒，三衣能障故；二不能有慚愧；三不中入聚落；四乃至道行不生善；五威儀不清淨故。制令畜三，便具上義。《僧祇》云：三衣者，賢聖沙門標幟；鉢是出家人器，非俗人所為；應執持三衣瓦鉢，即是少欲少事等。當宗外部，多為寒故制三。《四分》又云：三世如來，並著如是衣故。

Regarding the rationale for the institution: The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā states: "Because of the desire to manifest an unprecedented teaching; none of all the ninety-six kinds of tīrthikas have these three names, so it is to distinguish [Buddhists] from the tīrthikas." The Fenbie gongde lun states: "Because of the three seasons, three robes were instituted: in winter one wears thick ones, in summer one wears light ones, and in spring one wears medium ones. It is also for the sake of the various insects." The Dà zhìdù lùn states: "The noble disciples of the Buddha abide in the Middle Way, hence they wear three robes; the tīrthikas go naked without shame, while laypeople are full of greed and wear heavy clothing." The Daśādhyāya-vinaya states: "In order to distinguish them from tīrthikas, they cut them with a knife, so that people know they are the robes of those with shame." The Saṃyuktāgama states: "Those who cultivate the four immeasurables shave their hair and beard, don the three Dharma robes, and go forth from home." Judging by this designation, they are the attire of the compassionate. The Avataṃsaka-sūtra states: "Those who wear the kāṣāya relinquish the three poisons," and so forth. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "One who harbors the fetters should not put on the kāṣāya," and so forth. The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā gives five rationales for instituting the three robes: First, a single robe cannot ward off cold, whereas three robes can ward it off; second, [with a single robe] one cannot maintain shame; third, it is not fit for entering a village; fourth, it goes so far that practicing the path will not generate wholesome states; fifth, the deportment (īryāpatha) will not be pure. Instituting the rule that one must keep three fulfills the above purposes. The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya states: "The three robes are the badge of the noble and worthy śramaṇas; the bowl is the vessel of the renunciant, not something used by worldly folk. One should hold and keep the three robes and the earthenware bowl, which means having few desires and few affairs," and so forth. The other schools outside our own mostly instituted the three on account of cold. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya also states: "Because the Tathāgatas of the three times all wore such robes."