緇門警訓 3.38

3.38

鈔引薩婆多云。欲現未曾有法故。一切九十六種外道無此三名為異外道故。分別功德論為三時故。制有三衣。冬則著重。夏則著輕。春則著中。亦為諸虫故。智論云。佛聖弟子住於中道故。著三衣。外道裸身無耻。白衣多貪重著也。十誦為異外道故。便以刀截。知是慚愧人衣。雜含經云。修四無量者。並剃鬚髮服三法衣出家也。準此而名則慈悲者之服。華嚴云。著袈裟者捨離三毒等。四分云。懷抱於結使不應著袈裟。薩婆多五意制三衣也。一衣不能障寒。三衣能障故。二不能有慚愧。三不中入聚落。四乃至道行不生善。五威儀不清淨故。制令畜三。便具上義。僧祇云。三衣者。賢聖沙門標幟。鉢是出家人器。非俗人所為應執持。三衣瓦鉢即是少欲少事等。當宗外部多為寒故。制三。四分又云。三世如來並著如是衣故。業疏云。如律中說。如來因諸比丘畜長。不自節約。是以初夜著一衣。乃至後夜著第三。明旦因制如衣法初。

The Commentary cites the Sarvāstivāda: "It was to manifest an unprecedented dharma; none of the ninety-six kinds of heterodox paths have these three names, so it was to distinguish them from the heterodox paths." The Fenbie gongde lun states: "For the three seasons, the three robes were instituted: in winter one wears heavy [robes], in summer one wears light [robes], and in spring one wears medium [robes]; it was also for the sake of various insects." The Da zhidu lun states: "The Buddha's noble disciples abide in the Middle Way, and so they wear the three robes. Heterodox ascetics go naked without shame, while white-robed laypeople have much craving and wear heavy layers." The Daśabhāṇavāra states: "To distinguish them from the heterodox paths, they cut [the cloth] with knives, making it known as the clothing of those who possess shame." The Samyuktāgama states: "Those who cultivate the four immeasurables shave their hair and beard, don the three Dharma robes, and go forth." According to this designation, they are the garments of the compassionate. The Avataṃsaka states: "Those who wear the kāṣāya abandon the three poisons, and so forth." The Dharmaguptaka states: "One who harbors defilements should not wear the kāṣāya." The Sarvāstivāda gives five reasons for instituting the three robes: "First, one robe cannot keep out the cold, but three robes can; second, [with only one] one cannot maintain modesty and shame; third, it is unsuitable for entering villages; fourth, even walking along the road one will not generate goodness; fifth, the deportment will not be pure. Therefore, they are instituted so that one keeps three, thereby fulfilling the above purposes." The Mahāsāṃghika states: "The three robes are the insignia of worthy and noble śramaṇas; the bowl is the vessel of one who has gone forth, not something used by worldly folk, and it should be held and kept. The three robes and earthenware bowl are signs of few desires and few affairs, and the like." In our school and outside divisions, they are mostly instituted as three for the sake of the cold. The Dharmaguptaka also states: "The Tathāgatas of the three periods of time all wear such robes." The Commentary on the Vinaya Deeds states: "As taught in the vinaya: Because the bhikṣus stored surplus cloth and did not moderate themselves, the Tathāgata wore one robe in the first watch of the night, and so on until wearing the third in the last watch of the night; on the following morning, he accordingly instituted the initial rules for robes."