四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.271

3.271

九大嚫法。《五分》食後施衣物，名為噠嚫也。《四分》：由食竟默去，檀越生疑，不知食好不好？足不足？又言，諸外道人，皆稱歎布施，讚美檀越等。佛令上座為說大嚫，乃至一偈（其文如受食法）。若上座不能，語能說者；若不語，不受，並結罪。若說大嚫時，上座四人相待，餘者聽去。《薩婆多》：要食後說法，有四益：一為消信施故。二為報恩故。三令生歡喜心，善根成就故。四為在家人應行財施，出家人宜行法施。律中，令說契經。《善見》云：修多羅義，種種義開發等。聽說義時，要撮諸文者開。《五分》：諸比丘請破戒、邪見、諸根不具者歎唄說法；因此惡人得勢，又能辱僧。佛言：請法師三藏，諸根具足者。《伽論》云：若無能誦唄者，當次第差；若都無者，各誦一偈。能者不受，偷蘭；不得半唄，吉羅。律令說諸惡一偈，《增一》解云：諸惡莫作戒，具足清白之行；諸善奉行，心意清淨；自淨其意，除邪顛倒；是諸佛教者，去愚惑想。戒淨故意淨，意淨故無倒，無倒故惑想滅。今此世初，無說法之式；若有食竟，並將錢財施與。理準《五分》，隨時稱美，不得華侈。廣如前說。

Ninth: The rule of dakṣiṇā. In the Pañcavargika-vinaya, offering robes and items after a meal is called dakṣiṇā. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: because they left silently after finishing the meal, the dānapati became doubtful, not knowing whether the food was good or bad, sufficient or insufficient. It also states that the various tīrthikas all praise giving and extol the dānapatis. The Buddha ordered the senior monk to recite the great dakṣiṇā, even down to a single verse (its text is as in the rule for receiving food). If the senior monk is unable, he instructs one who is able to speak; if he does not instruct, or if the other does not accept, both incur an offense. When the great dakṣiṇā is recited, the four senior monks wait for one another, while the others are permitted to leave. The Sarvāstivāda states: expounding the Dharma after a meal has four benefits: first, to digest the gifts of faith; second, to repay kindness; third, to cause joy to arise so that wholesome roots are accomplished; fourth, because laypeople should practice the giving of material wealth, while monastics should practice the giving of Dharma. In the Vinaya, it orders the recitation of sūtras. The Samantapāsādikā states: 'The meanings of the sūtras, the unfolding of various doctrines, and so on.' When listening to the exposition of meaning, an exception is made for those who condense the various texts. The Pañcavargika-vinaya states: the bhikṣus invited those who broke precepts, held wrong views, or lacked complete sense faculties to chant hymns and expound the Dharma; because of this, evil people gained influence and could insult the saṃgha. The Buddha said: 'Invite Dharma masters of the Tripiṭaka who possess complete sense faculties.' The Saṃghāvaśeṣa-śāstra states: 'If there is no one who can chant hymns, they should be assigned in order; if none can do so at all, each should recite one verse. If one who is capable does not accept, it is a sthūlātyaya; if one cannot manage half a hymn, it is a duṣkṛta.' The Vinaya orders reciting the single verse on all evils; the Ekottarika-āgama explains: '"Commit no evils" is the precepts, complete in pure conduct; "practice all good" is purifying the mind; "purify one's own mind" is eliminating wrong views and perversions; "this is the teaching of all Buddhas" means dispelling thoughts of delusion.' Because precepts are pure, the mind is pure; because the mind is pure, there is no perversion; because there is no perversion, thoughts of delusion are extinguished. Now, at the beginning of this era, there is no format for expounding the Dharma; if there is, after the meal is finished, they merely bestow money and goods. In principle, according to the Pañcavargika-vinaya, one should praise in accord with the occasion and must not be extravagant. It is broadly as explained above.