四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.327

3.327

初中，當從像前，輿屍至廊舍下，外安障慢圍之，內作絹棺覆屍，當以竹木為骨，仍以麁衣覆屍上。和尚闍梨，鋪床在慢外坐，擬人客來弔慰；同學弟子等，小者布草立，大者坐草上，近屍邊。《五百問》云：師亡，不得舉聲大啼，應小小泣淚耳。《四分》：尼椎胸啼哭泣淚，一一墮，比丘吉羅。若準雙林之終，未離欲者，宛轉在地，椎胸大叫；此並悲切深重，不省自身故耳，必同此何嫌。若高節拔群，由來清卓者，故不局世情；必任情喜怒，隨俗浮沈者，至父母二師終亡，而護夏不來，雖來不展哀苦者，亦道俗同恥。彼外來弔人，小於亡者，至屍所設禮，執弟子手慰問已；然後至師所，依法弔慰。若奔喪來者，直來屍所禮拜，展哀情已，次第依位。若大德上座來弔者，依本威儀，隨時坐立。《五分》：屍以衣覆根。《五百問》云：應先白僧，以亡人泥洹僧、祇支，覆屍而送。不得薶過五錢，犯重。應師僧弟子同學，當出財殯送；若無，當眾僧別人，各斂少財，供養舍利；又無者，貸亡人衣物，權將殯之；還來倍償，入羯磨已，白僧乞之。其將屍之輿，輕省而作；上施白蓋，周匝裙圍；四人擎之，燒香導從。《毘尼母》云：闔寺眾僧，並送葬所。

In the first [part], one should carry the corpse on a litter from before the image out to the corridor or eaves; outside, erect a curtain screen to encircle it, and inside, make a silk pall to cover the corpse, using bamboo or wood for the frame, and additionally cover the corpse with coarse robes. The upādhyāya and ācārya set out beds and sit outside the curtain, ready to receive guests coming to express condolences. The fellow disciples and students: the juniors spread grass and stand, while the seniors sit upon grass near the corpse. The Five Hundred Questions states: "When a master dies, one must not raise one's voice to wail loudly; one should merely weep and shed tears quietly." The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "If a bhikṣuṇī beats her breast, wails, and weeps, each [act] is a pāyattika; for a bhikṣu, it is a duṣkṛta." If we go by the passing at the Twin Trees, those who had not yet eliminated desire writhed on the ground, beating their breasts and crying out loudly; these were cases of grief so deep and severe that they did not reflect upon their own conduct; if one is like this, what fault could there be? If someone of noble conduct surpasses the crowd and has always been pure and eminent, they are naturally not confined by worldly feelings; but if someone gives free rein to emotions of joy and anger, drifting with worldly customs, and when their parents or two masters pass away, they fail to come on the grounds of guarding the varṣā, or even if they come, they do not express sorrow and grief, this is likewise a disgrace among both the religious and the lay. When those coming from outside to offer condolences are junior to the deceased, they arrive at the place of the corpse, perform salutations, hold the disciples' hands to express sympathy, and only then proceed to the master's place to offer condolences according to the rule. If one comes rushing to a funeral, one goes directly to the place of the corpse to make prostrations, expressing one's grief, and then takes one's place according to status. If a venerable elder comes to offer condolences, they act according to their usual īryāpatha, sitting or standing as appropriate. The Pañcavargika Vinaya states: "The corpse should have its privates covered with cloth." The Five Hundred Questions states: "One should first inform the saṃgha, and use the deceased's nivāsana and saṃkakṣikā to cover the corpse and send it off. Burial [goods] must not exceed five māsakas; [otherwise] one commits a grave offense." The master, saṃgha, disciples, and fellow students should provide funds for the funeral and dispatch. If they have none, the members of the saṃgha individually should each collect a little money to make offerings to the relic (śarīra). If they still have none, they may borrow the deceased's robes and articles to provisionally conduct the funeral; upon returning, they must repay twofold, and once it has been entered into a karman, announce it to the saṃgha and request it. The litter that carries the corpse should be made light and simple; a white canopy is placed above, and a skirt surrounds it; four persons lift it, with burning incense leading the procession. The Vinayamātṛkā states: "The entire assembly of monks in the monastery shall all escort [the corpse] to the burial ground."