四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.327

3.327

In the first [part], one should carry the corpse on a litter from before the image out to the corridor or eaves; outside, erect a curtain screen to encircle it, and inside, make a silk pall to cover the corpse, using bamboo or wood for the frame, and additionally cover the corpse with coarse robes. The upādhyāya and ācārya set out beds and sit outside the curtain, ready to receive guests coming to express condolences. The fellow disciples and students: the juniors spread grass and stand, while the seniors sit upon grass near the corpse. The Five Hundred Questions states: "When a master dies, one must not raise one's voice to wail loudly; one should merely weep and shed tears quietly." The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "If a bhikṣuṇī beats her breast, wails, and weeps, each [act] is a pāyattika; for a bhikṣu, it is a duṣkṛta." If we go by the passing at the Twin Trees, those who had not yet eliminated desire writhed on the ground, beating their breasts and crying out loudly; these were cases of grief so deep and severe that they did not reflect upon their own conduct; if one is like this, what fault could there be? If someone of noble conduct surpasses the crowd and has always been pure and eminent, they are naturally not confined by worldly feelings; but if someone gives free rein to emotions of joy and anger, drifting with worldly customs, and when their parents or two masters pass away, they fail to come on the grounds of guarding the varṣā, or even if they come, they do not express sorrow and grief, this is likewise a disgrace among both the religious and the lay. When those coming from outside to offer condolences are junior to the deceased, they arrive at the place of the corpse, perform salutations, hold the disciples' hands to express sympathy, and only then proceed to the master's place to offer condolences according to the rule. If one comes rushing to a funeral, one goes directly to the place of the corpse to make prostrations, expressing one's grief, and then takes one's place according to status. If a venerable elder comes to offer condolences, they act according to their usual īryāpatha, sitting or standing as appropriate. The Pañcavargika Vinaya states: "The corpse should have its privates covered with cloth." The Five Hundred Questions states: "One should first inform the saṃgha, and use the deceased's nivāsana and saṃkakṣikā to cover the corpse and send it off. Burial [goods] must not exceed five māsakas; [otherwise] one commits a grave offense." The master, saṃgha, disciples, and fellow students should provide funds for the funeral and dispatch. If they have none, the members of the saṃgha individually should each collect a little money to make offerings to the relic (śarīra). If they still have none, they may borrow the deceased's robes and articles to provisionally conduct the funeral; upon returning, they must repay twofold, and once it has been entered into a karman, announce it to the saṃgha and request it. The litter that carries the corpse should be made light and simple; a white canopy is placed above, and a skirt surrounds it; four persons lift it, with burning incense leading the procession. The Vinayamātṛkā states: "The entire assembly of monks in the monastery shall all escort [the corpse] to the burial ground."