四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 1.112

1.112

The text of the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "One should lay out seats, strike the gaṇḍī, and all assemble in one place," and so forth. The Pañcavargika Vinaya states: "When the monks were observing upoṣadha, they did not assemble at the proper time, hindering their practice of the Path. The Buddha said: 'One should announce that the time has arrived, or strike the gaṇḍī, or beat a drum, or blow a conch. Have a resident śrāmaṇera or kappiyakāraka strike it. It must not be struck too many times; it should be struck three rounds. The same applies to blowing the conch. Except for the toxic lacquer tree, other woods, copper, and iron—anything that sounds—are allowed to be used. If announcing the arrival of the two times, also have a śrāmaṇera or kappiyakāraka make the announcement. If the dwellings are numerous so that it cannot be heard everywhere, one should announce from a high place. If they still do not realize and gather, they should notify one another.' If there is no śrāmaṇera, a bhikṣu may also strike it." In the Daśādhyāya-vinaya: "When a kulapati invited the saṃgha, he himself sounded the gaṇḍī in the monastery, up to announcing that the time had arrived. Even a woman who sent food also sounded the gaṇḍī herself. The same applies to a donor of midday food." The Ekottarika-āgama states: "When Ānanda ascended the lecture hall and struck the gaṇḍī, this was the Tathāgata's drum of faith." In the Daśādhyāya-vinaya: "At that time, in the monastery, there was no one who knew the time limits, announced that the time had arrived, or struck the gaṇḍī; moreover, there was no one who swept, sprinkled, and plastered the lecture hall and dining area; no one who continuously laid out the beds; no one who instructed people to remove worms from fruits, vegetables, and food; when taking food and drink, no one who served water; and when the assembly chattered disorderly, no one who snapped fingers [for silence], and so forth. The Buddha ordered that a karmadāna (weina) be appointed." The Śabdavidyā translates this as "order" (krama), meaning one who knows the order of affairs; according to common tradition, it is called "one who pleases the assembly." According to the text, there are seven methods of gathering: measuring the shadow, splitting bamboo to make a sound, making smoke, blowing a conch, beating a drum, striking a gaṇḍī, or announcing: 'Venerables, the time for the upoṣadha recitation of precepts has arrived.' It also does not say that only a bhikṣu must do it. The Chuyao lüyi cites the Śabdavidyā, translating jianzhi (pronounced ju-han and di) as qing (chime stone) here, and also calls it a bell (zhong).