四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 1.112

1.112

《四分》文云：當敷座，打楗稚，盡共集一處等。《五分》云：諸比丘布薩時，不時集，妨行道。佛言，當唱時至，若打犍稚，若打鼓、吹螺。使舊住沙彌、淨人打。不得多，應打三通。吹螺亦爾。除漆毒樹、餘木，銅、鐵，凡鳴者聽作。若唱二時至，亦使沙彌淨人唱。住處多，不得遍聞，應高處唱。猶不知集，更相語知。若無沙彌，比丘亦得打。《十誦》中：居士請僧，自於寺內鳴稚。乃至白時至。及送食女人，亦自鳴稚。中食施者亦爾。《增一阿含》云：阿難升講堂，擊犍稚者，此是如來信鼓也。《十誦》中：時僧坊中，無人知時限，唱時至，及打揵稚；又無人灑掃塗治講堂食處；無人相續鋪床；及教人淨果、菜、食中蟲；飲食時，無人行水；眾亂語時，無人彈指等。佛令立維那。《聲論》翻為次第也，謂知事之次第，相傳云悅眾也。若準文中，七種集法：若量影，破竹作聲，作煙，吹貝，打鼓，打犍稚，若唱諸大德布薩說戒時到。亦不言比丘為之。《出要律儀》引《聲論》，翻犍（巨寒反）稚（音地），此名磬也，亦名為鐘。

The text of the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "One should lay out seats, strike the gaṇḍī, and all assemble in one place," and so forth. The Pañcavargika Vinaya states: "When the monks were observing upoṣadha, they did not assemble at the proper time, hindering their practice of the Path. The Buddha said: 'One should announce that the time has arrived, or strike the gaṇḍī, or beat a drum, or blow a conch. Have a resident śrāmaṇera or kappiyakāraka strike it. It must not be struck too many times; it should be struck three rounds. The same applies to blowing the conch. Except for the toxic lacquer tree, other woods, copper, and iron—anything that sounds—are allowed to be used. If announcing the arrival of the two times, also have a śrāmaṇera or kappiyakāraka make the announcement. If the dwellings are numerous so that it cannot be heard everywhere, one should announce from a high place. If they still do not realize and gather, they should notify one another.' If there is no śrāmaṇera, a bhikṣu may also strike it." In the Daśādhyāya-vinaya: "When a kulapati invited the saṃgha, he himself sounded the gaṇḍī in the monastery, up to announcing that the time had arrived. Even a woman who sent food also sounded the gaṇḍī herself. The same applies to a donor of midday food." The Ekottarika-āgama states: "When Ānanda ascended the lecture hall and struck the gaṇḍī, this was the Tathāgata's drum of faith." In the Daśādhyāya-vinaya: "At that time, in the monastery, there was no one who knew the time limits, announced that the time had arrived, or struck the gaṇḍī; moreover, there was no one who swept, sprinkled, and plastered the lecture hall and dining area; no one who continuously laid out the beds; no one who instructed people to remove worms from fruits, vegetables, and food; when taking food and drink, no one who served water; and when the assembly chattered disorderly, no one who snapped fingers [for silence], and so forth. The Buddha ordered that a karmadāna (weina) be appointed." The Śabdavidyā translates this as "order" (krama), meaning one who knows the order of affairs; according to common tradition, it is called "one who pleases the assembly." According to the text, there are seven methods of gathering: measuring the shadow, splitting bamboo to make a sound, making smoke, blowing a conch, beating a drum, striking a gaṇḍī, or announcing: 'Venerables, the time for the upoṣadha recitation of precepts has arrived.' It also does not say that only a bhikṣu must do it. The Chuyao lüyi cites the Śabdavidyā, translating jianzhi (pronounced ju-han and di) as qing (chime stone) here, and also calls it a bell (zhong).