四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.143

2.143

Precept four on taking a robe from an unrelated nun: It possesses five conditions: 1. It is a bhikṣuṇī. This excludes the lower two assemblies; taking from them incurs a duṣkṛta. 2. Not a relative. The Vinaya states: 'Relatives means blood relatives through parents up to seven generations.' The *Samantapāsādikā* says: 'Paternal relatives are paternal uncles, brothers, sons, and grandsons; maternal relatives are maternal uncles, maternal aunts, and down to sons and grandsons.' These all mean relatives of the same qi [lineage], not mixed with other surnames. It also says: 'A wife who has left household life is not a relative.' The same applies by extension to the wives of paternal uncles. The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* says: 'If she is a relative, even if she has little she will still take it and give it, how much more so when one is in need and takes it.' The *Pañcavargika-vinaya* says: 'If a related nun violates the precepts and one takes her robe, it is a duṣkṛta.' 3. A robe of proper measure. In the Vinaya, taking one robe from among the five robes constitutes a condition for an offense. The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* says: 'If one takes an almsbowl and other small items, one does so without offense.' 4. She gives it with an open heart; except when obtained by begging, there is no offense. The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* says: 'If a nun borrows a bhikṣu's robe, wears it until it is torn, and returns it, there is no offense.' If a nun gives a robe to the lower two assemblies or a layperson, saying: 'Take this robe and give it to bhikṣu so-and-so, you can gain merit'; if one takes it, there is no offense. 5. Having received it. The *Abhidharma-vinaya-vibhāṣā* (*Mātṛkā*) says: 'If a nun places a robe on the ground and entrusts it to the Venerable One, saying: "Use it as you wish!" and then abandons it and leaves; if the bhikṣu uses it with shared intent, there is no offense.' The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* says: 'Sending someone to receive it incurs the same offense.' The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* and *Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā* say: 'If ten monks take one robe from a nun, all ten monks incur pāyattika; if ten nuns hold one robe and give it to one monk, he incurs ten pāyattikas.' The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* says: 'If the nun invited beforehand, or gives it because he expounded the Dharma, in all such cases there is no offense.' The *Pañcavargika-vinaya* says: 'If nuns give robes and bowls to a bhikṣu, if he previously had no thought to seek it and she gives it of her own accord, he should observe: if she has an extra one, he may take it.' According to this, committing an offense lies solely in greedy thoughts, and the intention behind formulating the precept can be seen. The *Dharmaguptaka Vinaya* also states: 'The Buddha told the nuns: You should keep five robes that are complete and durable; other robes may be purified and given at will, or given to people.' Since it says 'given to people,' what distinction is there between monastic and lay? In the Vinaya's non-offenses, if one takes a robe from a related bhikṣuṇī (according to the Vinaya, parents of seven generations are relatives; taking paternal relatives for example, there are seven distinct generations: 1. Great-great-grandfather, 2. Great-grandfather, 3. Grandfather, 4. Father, 5. Oneself, 6. Son, 7. Grandson), or if one trades, or takes it for a stūpa or the saṃgha, in all such cases there is no offense.