四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.181

2.181

Precept four: spending the night together with a woman. Formed by five conditions: First, it is a human female. Second, the characteristics of a chamber are formed. Third, one spends the night together. Fourth, one knows they are spending the night together. Fifth, as one turns [on one's side], one incurs a pāyattika. In the vinaya, 'woman' refers to a human female who possesses intelligence and whose life-faculty is not severed. There are four types of chambers: First, surrounded by walls on all four sides with a covering above (meaning being together within the same hall; if there is a partition inside, according to the treatises it does not apply). Second, open in front without a wall (meaning a long gallery room, with screens at both ends under the eaves). Third, though covered, it is not completely covered (meaning sharing the same courtyard gate all around, open above in the center while covered throughout). Fourth, though covered throughout, there is an opening (meaning covered and enclosed throughout, but with a small skylight opening above). In these four kinds of chambers, if a bhikṣu spends the night with a woman—whether the woman arrives later, the bhikṣu arrives later, or both arrive together—if he lies down, with each turn of his ribs onto his side, each incurs a pāyattika. If with an animal (according to the *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya*, with a large female animal one also incurs a pāyattika). If spending the night with a human paṇḍaka or an intersex person, it is in all cases a duṣkṛta. If the bhikṣu lies down during the daytime and the woman stands, it is a duṣkṛta (if the woman sits, it transgresses the secluded [seat] pāyattika). The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* says: Even an arhat does not spend the night together with a woman. Just as cooked food and drink are what people desire, a woman's desire for a man is likewise. This vinaya takes an arhat as the origin [of the precept], who was nevertheless troubled by lust; why should other ordinary mortals resist [the rule]? The *Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā* and *Samantapāsādikā* say: If they are gathered under a common enclosure in a hall, even if there are various small rooms within the hall, although the rooms are distinct, because the hall is shared, it is still one chamber. If multiple rooms share a single door, it also incurs a pāyattika (which applies to the flat-roofed buildings of the Bingbu region that mostly have rooms sharing a door). As for covering, even a roof made of cloth hangings; as for walls, even one and a half cubits high—spending the night together in such places is always an offense. If large houses are joined together, even for one yojana, with entry and exit through a single door, it is in all cases an offense. Regarding the object confronted, extending even to precepts of common practice and so forth, it always refers to a woman capable of receiving sexual intercourse; with other barren women, young girls, and so forth, it only incurs a duṣkṛta. The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* says: If sitting in the chamber throughout the whole night, there is no offense. There must be multiple people dwelling together, with a light, and not sleeping. The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* says: If there is one room with separate doors and a partition, there is no offense. If on the Buddha's birthday, the day of turning the wheel of the Dharma, or during a great assembly, Dharma is preached throughout the night, or if there is wind, rain, cold, and snow in the open air, one should enter inside the house and sit upright. If the elderly or sick are unable to sit, a partition should be erected; one must not use coarse material; it should be level with the shoulders and armpits above, reach the ground below, and not allow a kitten to pass through. If traveling along the road and entering a village to spend the night, there should be separate rooms and separate partitions. If there is no building, one proceeds even as stated above (all meaning that using clothing and quilts, starting from the inner wall of the room or hall, directly facing the middle of the door, one partitions outward to the front eaves of the house, making it match both ends so that they become two chambers, not merely hanging a screen over the bed). If there is no partition, and the woman is trustworthy, one should tell the woman: 'You sleep first, and I will sit.' When the bhikṣu wishes to sleep, he tells her to get up: 'I wish to sleep; you must not sleep. If you sleep, you will have no merit' (following the rule of various schools, a man acts as his own companion). The *Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā* says: If spending the night with ten women, there are ten pāyattikas. As each one rises and lies down again, and with each turn, one incurs ten pāyattikas for each. If in a layperson's house, in adjacent rooms with a woman, and the door is not closed, it is a duṣkṛta. The *Pañcavargika-vinaya* says: Under a common roof with different partitions; or if preaching the Dharma at a great assembly; or if one's mother, sisters, or close relatives are ill, and a discerning man serves as a companion, and one does not lie down—there is no offense. Under non-offense in the vinaya: if one does not know beforehand that a woman is spending the night in the chamber. If the building has a roof but no walls, or is fully roofed with half walls, or fully roofed with minimal walls, or has full walls with no roof, or has full walls with a half roof, or has full walls with a minimal roof, or half roof and half walls, or minimal roof and minimal walls, or no roof and no walls—in the open air, there is no offense. If in this chamber, whether walking or sitting, there is no offense. If lying down due to illness, being bound, or facing dangers to life or celibacy—in all such cases there is no offense.