四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.209

2.209

Precept thirty-two: eating in succession (paramparābhojana). The Daśādhyāya-vinaya calls it 'eating repeatedly'; the Pañcavargika-vinaya agrees with it; the Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya calls it 'eating in different places.' Summing them up in a single clear determination, it is called the precept against reneging on an invitation. There are five conditions: first, having previously accepted an invitation to the five staple foods, regardless of whether from a monastic or layperson, a relative or non-relative; second, the food presented being sufficient to satisfy hunger; third, the absence of valid reasons (meaning illness, and so forth); fourth, receiving staple food again from a different host; fifth, an offense is incurred with every swallow. In the Vinaya, invitations are of two types: either by monastic rotation or by individual invitation. The foods are: cooked rice, parched grain flour, dried boiled rice (thick porridge is also included). The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya states: 'When freshly taken out of the cauldron, if a character drawn on it does not form, this is not staple food.' The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya states: 'If one arrives at a layperson's house and they say, "Master (ācārya), eat at my house today," that constitutes an invitation.' If the food being prepared is not yet cooked and one wishes to go to another house, one must notify them before leaving; if one leaves without notifying them and obtains staple food upon arriving there, one commits two pāyattikas: first, failing to notify the inviting host; second, reneging on the invitation. This largely agrees with the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya. Furthermore, the Vinaya states: 'The sick are not able to eat enough at a single sitting to be satisfied.' As for the time of giving robes: within the twelve months, wherever there is an invitation for robes and food, an exception is made to renege. If one receives multiple invitations in a single day, one accepts one invitation for oneself and confers the rest upon others, saying: 'Venerable, I should have gone there; I now bestow it upon you.' If not, reneging on the former household incurs a pāyattika with every swallow; reneging on the latter household incurs a duṣkṛta with every swallow. The Five Hundred Questions states: 'If the host is displeased with a substitute going, it is not permitted.' The Daśādhyāya-vinaya and the Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā state: 'If one cannot eat according to one's illness at the former household, one may turn away and proceed to a second or third household, gradually eating until midday, but one may not go to a fourth household.' Those who do not commit an offense according to the Vinaya: during illness; during the time of giving robes; if the invitation is relinquished; if invited to non-staple foods (meaning porridge and cakes that are not staple food); or if insufficient (it is staple food, but too little to suffice); or if there was no invitation; or if after finishing a meal one receives further food, and so forth—there is no offense.