四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.240

2.240

Fourth, the food to be received. First, generally clarifying whether it is needed or not; second, clarifying transformations. In the first part, the *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* mentions five kinds of dust that do not need to be received: food dust, grain dust, clothing dust, water dust, and wind dust. (These must be fine; if coarse, they must be received.) The *Samantapāsādikā* states: If the dust is large and falls into the bowl, what can be removed should be taken out, and the remainder entails no transgression; if fine, it must be received again. (The aforementioned *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* perhaps refers to an uninhabited place, or dust seen in the light.) When food is served, if leftover food from an adjacent seat spatters into the bowl, receipt is effected. The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* states: All dust must all be received again, except dust from an animal shaking its body; if there is intentionality, receipt is effected. Even when cakes, parched flour, cooked rice, and so forth are distributed, if when shaking the basket or vessel, particles spatter into the bowl, if unintentional it is not effected; the opposite effects receipt. Monks and nuns may render food pure for each other and receive it from each other. The *Samantapāsādikā* states: If under urgent circumstances of illness, urine, feces, ash, and earth may be taken by oneself. The *Vinayavibhāṣā* calls this a major allowance. As explained in the fascicle below. In the Vinaya, ash, earth, mud, and so forth must be received, which must refer to inhabited places. The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* states: It is permitted to carry food while traveling, not letting people see it. If one eats, one should step off the path, take a handful, and eat it without receipt. Furthermore, it is permitted, when crossing a great marsh, to carry provisions and exchange them with another for pure food. (This is in inhabited places; the former is in uninhabited places.) The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* and *Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā* state: Seeing leftover food on a rock from yesterday, eating without receipt is allowed, as explained in the preceding precept. This is also an allowance for emergencies, identical to the eight matters during famine. The *Five Hundred Questions* states: In a mountainous wild where there are no people and one cannot go back and forth by midday, one should prepare it oneself for seven days, first purifying the rice and receiving it. The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* states: Turbid water must be received; if naturally yellow, there is no transgression. The *Pañcavargika-vinaya* states: If salty water is naturally salty and no salt has been added, it is permitted not to receive it. The *Abhidharmasamuccaya* states: If turbid, salty, or ash water shows one's reflection, it need not be received. The *Samantapāsādikā* states: If forehead sweat flows into the bowl, it must be received again; if sweat from the arm flows into the hand, it need not be received. (According to this, if there is intentionality, sweat from the forehead also effects receipt.) The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* states: As for tooth-wood, if there is heat in the mouth creating sores, swallowing the juice requires receipt; swallowing it by mistake entails no transgression. As for snow, ice, and hail, where there is no kappiyakāraka, one washes hands clean and takes it oneself to eat; where there is one, it must be received. The prātimokṣa of the *Dharmaguptaka Vinaya* excludes water and tooth-wood without stating whether swallowed or not; following the *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* is better. Second, clarifying transformations. The *Samantapāsādikā* states: If ginger sprouts after being received, receipt is not lost. If it sprouts after fire purification, the sprouts are purified again, and parts other than the sprouts may be eaten. If salt turns into water, it may be eaten. The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* states: Boiling it again oneself does not lose receipt. (The *Dharmaguptaka Vinaya* also says so.) Curds, ghee, sugarcane, rock sugar, sesame oil, and so forth, because their original state was recognized, do not lose receipt across transitions.