四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.239

2.239

Third, the object confronted [from whom food is received]. The *Vinayavibhāṣā* explains: Excluding oneself and those of the same class, if any one of the remaining three classes of sentient beings, whether instructed or uninstructed, knows that a bhikṣu cannot take food to eat on his own, knows that this is edible food, and knows that the bhikṣu is a recipient of alms, and passes it to the bhikṣu—[then receipt is effected]. If they do not understand these points, even if they give it, it does not constitute receipt. The *Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā* states: Because it serves as a witness, among humans, non-humans and animals cannot effect receipt. The *Pañcavargika-vinaya* states: In the wilderness where there is no kappiyakāraka, it is allowed to wash the cooking vessel oneself and pour in water; the kappiyakāraka puts in the rice, and one cooks it oneself; when cooked, one receives it from another. The *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya* states: While traveling in the wilderness, receiving food upon an ox. A long sack with interconnected loops, tied once a day, is placed on an ox and people must not touch it; when the time comes, one bhikṣu pulls the cord, another bhikṣu receives it, saying verbally 'Received, received,' and so forth. The *Daśādhyāya-vinaya* states: Flies cannot be kept away, hence they do not constitute touch. If a bird comes and pecks a bite away, one merely discards the pecked spot, and the remainder may be eaten. The *Samantapāsādikā* states: Devas, humans, ghosts, spirits, animals, and flying birds can all effect receipt. In the *Pañcavargika-vinaya*, Kāśyapa received food from Śakra. In the *Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya*, honey was received from a monkey. In the *Daśādhyāya-vinaya*, [beings in] minor hells can also effect receipt. According to this, those among the six destinies who have discernment effect receipt; conversely, they do not.