四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.255

2.255

Precept 48: Viewing an army. The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā gives three purposes: first, to show reverence for the Buddha-Dharma; second, to eliminate slander; third, to put an end to all evils and increase wholesome dharmas. Four conditions: first, it is a battle array; second, going intentionally to view it; third, without reason; fourth, going and seeing constitutes an offense. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya [states]: As for the array, whether in play or in earnest, those who watch all incur a pāyattika. If the army is ahead or behind, one must step off the road to avoid it; if not, it is a duṣkṛta. Seeing it through deliberate effort is a pāyattika. If one is invited to go, or if the road is cut off by force or circumstances, it is not an offense. The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya [states]: If one encounters an army and sees it unintentionally, there is no offense. If intentionally raising one's head to peer and watch, seeing it is a pāyattika. If a heavenly king goes out, intentionally watching is an infraction. Even watching animals fighting or humans quarreling, watching is also an infraction. The Daśādhyāya-vinaya [states]: If for the sake of contemplating impermanence, though one views it, it is not an offense.