四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.412

2.412

First, we clarify the learnable matters. Nine propositions are formed, divided into three grades. The superior grade has one proposition: knowing the matter and knowing the offense. The middling grade has four propositions: first, knowing the matter and doubting the offense; second, knowing the matter and not knowing the offense; third, knowing the offense and doubting the matter; fourth, knowing the offense and not knowing the matter. The inferior grade has four propositions: first, doubting the matter and doubting the offense; second, doubting the matter and not knowing the offense; third, not knowing the matter and doubting the offense; fourth, not knowing the matter and not knowing the offense. Next, in the explanation: 'not knowing' above means taking what is an offense to be no offense, or being confused as to whether a light one is heavy; the case of doubting is also like this: doubting whether it exists or does not exist, or doubting whether it is light or heavy. Because both are known in the superior grade, there are no offenses of not studying or ignorance. Because the middling grade carries knowledge, yet doubt and ignorance arise regarding the offense or the matter, there are eight offenses, each having [the dual offense of] not studying and ignorance. The four propositions of the inferior grade yield sixteen offenses. Among these twenty-four offenses, there are six pāyattikas and eighteen duṣkṛtas (because of ignorance, they incur the heavier; the remaining cases of doubt and non-study are all duṣkṛtas). As none transgress the primary [precept], it is termed 'abstention observance'. Because both are known in the superior grade, it is termed superior-grade abstention observance. Because the offenses are few in the middling grade, it is termed middling-grade abstention observance. Because they are extremely numerous in the inferior grade, it is termed inferior-grade. All are abstentions in regard to a single matter.