四分律行事鈔資持記 1.648

1.648

大科第二，非法中；總列分三，初二句總標。飲下，二列相；初列諸非治；或作下，二明三種非制。初中，飲酒等者，示所犯過。罰錢下，列能治法。大分五種。初罰財物，賕亦財寶，輸即盡也；雖非法制，以先同和，不送成重。餘四可解。周年苦役一句，連屬上文為一種；鉏，墾；刈，割也。次列三種制者，同今眾院規繩之類；初破戒制中。所列多相，並律明禁，反立為制。鉏刈即犯掘壞，分僧食即盜常住，賣買等即畜不淨物，自餘可知。即今禪眾不知戒相，普集僧眾，擇菜造食；舉世盛傳，矜為正則；流弊斯久，孰為改之。科索，謂率斂也。畜即生口，產謂田土。順俗制中三種。赦即放也，俗王普赦，僧取為制。貨賕得脫者，効俗贖刑。因利求利者，失少奪多也。非法制中亦三。露立即裸身。吹灰謂吹地灰塵。如是下，三通結。

The second major section, on unlawful [matters], is divided into three overall: the first two sentences are an overall heading. From "drinking" onward, the second lists the characteristics: first, it lists various unlawful disciplines; from "or making" onward, the second clarifies three kinds of unlawful regulations. In the first part, "drinking alcohol," etc., shows the offenses committed. From "fining money" onward, it lists the punishing methods, divided broadly into five kinds: First, fining material goods; "gifts" (賕) are also wealth and treasures; "surrendering" (輸) means exhausting. Although it is an unlawful regulation, because of prior unanimous concord, not handing it over constitutes a serious [offense]. The remaining four can be understood. The phrase "a full year of hard labor" is linked to the preceding text as one kind; to hoe (鉏) is to plow; to sickle (刈) is to cut. Next, the listing of the three kinds of regulations is similar to the monastic rules and codes of communal cloisters today. In the first, regulations that violate precepts: many of the characteristics listed are explicitly forbidden by the Vinaya, yet are conversely established as regulations. Hoeing and reaping constitute the offense of digging and destroying [the earth]; dividing the Saṃgha's food is stealing from the permanent property; buying and selling, etc., is storing impure things; the rest can be known from this. Even today, the Chan followers do not know the marks of the precepts, gathering the monastic assembly universally to pick vegetables and prepare food; widely transmitted throughout the world, they pride themselves on it as a proper standard; this corrupt practice having persisted for so long, who will reform it? "Levying" (科索) means collecting taxes. "Livestock" (畜) means living animals; "property" (產) refers to fields and land. In regulations that conform to the secular, there are three kinds: "Pardon" (赦) means release; secular kings issue general amnesties, and the Saṃgha adopts them as regulations. "Gaining release through bribery" imitates secular redemption of punishment. "Seeking profit through profit" means losing a little and taking much. In unlawful regulations, there are also three: "Standing naked" means denuding the body. "Blowing ash" means blowing dust on the ground. From "in this way" onward, the third universally concludes.