四分律行事鈔資持記 1.796

1.796

非人中。且示鬼神，須通四趣（天修鬼獄。）律下，引證。必取變化，方在問攝。《四分》，但列三名而已。《五分》，因修羅厭患老死，化作人形受戒；後往居士家食五百分食，招譏故制。律文略舉二趣三部，餘必須具。阿修羅此云非天，以多諂詐，非天行故。犍闥婆，此云嗅香，亦名食香。

Under 'non-humans': Although it primarily points to ghosts and spirits, it must encompass the four destinies (gods, asuras, ghosts, and hell beings). The text from 'The Vinaya' down cites evidence: One must specifically take on a transformed state to be included within the scope of the interrogation. The Dharmaguptaka-vinaya merely lists three names and nothing more. In the Mahīśāsaka-vinaya, because an asura, weary of old age and death, transformed into human form to receive the precepts, and later went to a householder's home and ate a five-hundred-portion meal, incurring criticism, the prohibition was enacted. The Vinaya text briefly mentions two destinies and three classes; the others must also be included. 'Asura' is rendered here as 'non-god' (fei tian), because they are full of deceit and falsehood and do not act like gods. 'Gandharva' is rendered here as 'fragrance-sniffer' (xiu xiang), and also called 'fragrance-eater' (shi xiang).