四分律行事鈔資持記 1.938

1.938

示過中，初文。《律》列八箇五事，總四十句。初至不恭敬，即初五事。次五云：無慚、無愧（此二，八五並同。）、難與語、惡人為友（此二句，下七五並同。）、好往婬女家（後六五事，上四句並同，唯第五句別，乃至以看龜鼈等一句，接通前，成八五也。）。今束其同者，止取別相，但十五事。又式叉、沙彌尼，《律》中合列第七五中；今離為二相耳。上六注釋，可解。戾，猶逆也。友惡人者，近習不善故。婬女下七種，履涉非處故。看龜鼈者，放恣嬉遊故。《律》下，例通餘過，勸令依罰。重罪者，制唯犯吉，約業尤重，如下引示。

Under 'Showing Faults', the first text: The Vinaya lists eight sets of five matters, totaling forty clauses. From the first to 'disrespectful' constitutes the first five matters. The next five state: shamelessness, lack of dread of blame (these two are shared across all eight sets of five), being difficult to speak to, and befriending evil people (these two clauses are shared across the lower seven sets of five), and being fond of going to the houses of courtesans (for the latter six sets of five matters, the upper four clauses are all identical, differing only in the fifth clause, down to the clause 'watching turtles and tortoises', which connects with the preceding to form the eight sets of five). Now bundling what is identical and taking only the distinguishing marks, there are only fifteen matters. Moreover, śikṣamāṇās and śrāmaṇerikās are combined in the seventh set of five in the Vinaya; now they are separated into two marks. The notes and explanations for the upper six are easily understood. 'Perverse' (戾) is like rebellious. 'Befriending evil people' is because of becoming habituated to what is unwholesome. The seven types from 'courtesans' downward are because of treading upon inappropriate places. 'Watching turtles and tortoises' is because of indulging in wanton amusements. From 'Vinaya' downward, it extends the analogy to other faults, urging that they be penalized accordingly. 'Grave offense': By regulation it only incurs a duṣkṛta, but in terms of karma it is exceptionally grave, as cited and shown below.