四分律行事鈔資持記 1.995

1.995

初中三，前明處所。理下，定床座，初二句判定。言準承者，令依中國也。中下，次示國土不同。中國用床者，如露敷脫脚等戒也。類即例也，綴下讀之。此間古者，西晉時，五品已上及州牧，得坐床。大夫謂上大夫，中下大夫亦無。皆席地者，古禮皆然；至今北地其風不絕。洎晉室罹亂，至于東晉，節制無準，故通庶人。今下，三評品可不，初二句指時用。亦下，縱許。然下，奪歸。言不便者，或由坐立乖相難知；或受籌跪地，事須上下。今多在床互跪，全非敬儀；屢見愚僧斜身倚靠，高竪一膝而受籌者；事乖正則，漸致澆訛；故《尼鈔》中明入堂已，即斥僧尼床上禮佛，亦其意也。隨下，囑令斟酌。準〈釋相〉中，地卑濕處，開床設禮，榰脚八寸，餘則不聽。容有此緣，不可一定，故令隨處。

In the first [heading] there are three parts. First, it explains the location. From "In principle..." onward, it determines the beds and seats; the first two lines make the definitive judgment. The phrase "to conform to" means ordering adherence to the Central Country [India]. From "In China..." onward, next it shows differences among countries. That the Central Country uses beds is seen in precepts such as spreading beds in the open and taking off one's footwear. "Analogous" means by way of precedent, read continuously with what follows. Ancient practice here: in the Western Jin, those of the fifth rank and above as well as provincial governors were permitted to sit on beds. "Grand master" refers to high grand masters; middle and lower grand masters also did not have them. That all sat on mats on the ground was true of all ancient rites; to this day that custom has not ceased in the northern regions. When the Jin house suffered disorder, down to the Eastern Jin, regulation lacked a standard, so it was opened to commoners. From "Nowadays..." onward, the third part evaluates whether it is permissible or not. The first two lines point to contemporary practice. From "Also..." onward, it concedes permission. From "However..." onward, it revokes and returns [to the proper rule]. Saying "inconvenient" means: either because sitting and standing conflict in form and are hard to distinguish; or when receiving the tally one kneels on the ground, so that the action requires going up and down. Nowadays most kneel on one knee upon the bed, which is entirely devoid of reverent deportment; one frequently sees foolish monks leaning sideways and raising one knee high while receiving the tally. The matter conflicts with the correct standard and gradually leads to corruption. Therefore, the *Bhikṣuṇī Manual* explains that upon entering the hall, it rebukes monks and nuns who pay homage to the Buddha on their beds, which is also of this intent. From "According to..." onward, it instructs them to exercise discretion. According to the "Explanation of the Marks," in low and damp places it is permitted to set up a bed to perform homage, propping up the legs by eight inches, but otherwise it is not permitted. As such conditions may exist, it cannot be fixed universally, and thus it orders them to adapt to the place.