四分律行事鈔資持記 3.784

3.784

十四《僧祇》三段，初入王眾法，初制非宜。應下，教善語。二家，即剎帝利、婆羅門，諸佛巧便利物，人尚德行，則於婆羅門姓中生；若尚威勢，則於剎帝利姓中生。法輪，即佛法；力輪，是王臣。又下，誡觸犯。形相，謂以形相人。欲下，聽陳意。俗下，示應答。恐有遺忘緣阻，故言皆不定。次明入居士舍，初制不應。令他慚恥，失敬信故。應下，示慰諭。方便引接，發彼善故。三入外道眾，二節同上。形訾，謂形言毀辱。此門所明，說法儀式；然事相交雜，不唯說法；或作門師，或是接對，或令教導。又復說法之式，不專導俗；為師訓道，義亦同然。事類相投，寄此明耳。

Fourteenth: The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya has three passages. First, the rules for entering an assembly of kings: it first prohibits what is improper. From "Should..." down, it teaches skillful words. The "two clans" are kṣatriyas and brahmins; the Buddhas' skillful means benefit sentient beings: if people esteem virtuous conduct, then they are born into a brahmin clan; if they esteem authority and power, then they are born into a kṣatriya clan. The "Dharma wheel" is the Buddha Dharma; the "power wheel" is the king and ministers. From "Also..." down, it warns against causing offense. "Physiognomy" means reading a person's character through their appearance. From "Desiring..." down, it allows stating one's intention. From "Secular..." down, it shows how to respond. Fearing that there might be lapses of memory or hindering conditions, the words are all kept provisional. Next, it explains entering a householder's residence: it first prohibits what is improper. This is because making others feel shame and embarrassment causes them to lose reverence and faith. From "Should..." down, it shows comforting and instructing them, using expedient means to guide and receive them so as to bring forth their goodness. Third, entering an assembly of non-Buddhists: the two sections are the same as above. "Visual and verbal disparagement" means using gestures or words to defame and humiliate. What this section explains is the ritual of preaching the Dharma; however, the circumstances are mixed and not limited solely to preaching the Dharma; they also include serving as an introductory teacher, receiving and responding to others, or instructing and guiding them. Moreover, the rituals of preaching the Dharma are not exclusively for guiding the laity; when serving as a master to instruct disciples in the Way, the principle is also the same. The categories of matters being kindred, they are explained here by association.