四分律行事鈔資持記 2.18

2.18

The three meanings in our own Vinaya: First, "severed head" is one of the four similes given when explaining the marks during the reception of the Dharma. Next it says, "like severing the heart of a tāla tree"; third, "like a broken needle's eye"; fourth, "like splitting a stone in two." Although the illustrating similes are four, they equally illustrate the destruction of the entity; [the transgressor] is eternally hindered from the noble path, hence it says, "unfit for the practice of the Dharma." Next, "without remainder" refers to the exclusionary formula stating: "If one is excluded from performing acts with no basis and without remainder, etc." (The saṃghāvaśeṣa is "with remainder," which designation also derives from that.) One's practice being ruined, there is no merit, and one does not participate in the affairs of the saṃgha; hence it says, "cut off from any share." Therefore, below it cites proof—namely, the verse preface of the Vinaya, which was already cited in the upper fascicle. Third, "no longer dwelling together," which designation appears in the prātimokṣa. Question: How is this different from the above "without remainder"? Answer: The former is stated from the perspective of oneself, like a corpse; the latter is discussed with respect to the saṃgha, like being cast out by the ocean. In comparison with the previous Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya: the first meaning is quite similar; these latter two names correspond to its second meaning.