四分律刪補隨機羯磨 1.306

1.306

（一、能受之人，有五種：一是人道。故《律》云：「天子、阿修羅、非人、畜生不得戒。」故《論》云：「三歸五戒，唯人中有，餘道所無。」二、諸根具足。《律》云：「若狂、若聾、若瘂、若身相不具、百遮等人，一切能污辱眾僧者，皆不得故。」三、身器清淨。《薩婆多》云：「先受五戒、八戒，曾破重者，更受十戒，不得。」故《律》云：「先受戒，破於重戒，還來受者，名邊罪難。」又白衣、沙彌造諸重業，並十三難攝故。四、出家相具。《律》云：「應剃髮、著袈裟，與出家人同。若著俗服、外道服、眾莊嚴具、裸形等，不名受具故。」五、得少分法。《律》云：「不與沙彌戒而受具戒，眾僧得罪故。」）

(1. The person capable of receiving has five aspects: First, he must belong to the human realm. Therefore the Vinaya states: "Devaputras, asuras, non-humans, and animals do not obtain the precepts." Thus the treatise states: "The three refuges and the five precepts exist only among humans, not in the other realms." Second, his faculties must be intact. The Vinaya states: "If insane, deaf, mute, deficient in physical marks, or among the hundred [categories of] excluded persons, because all such can defile and disgrace the saṃgha, none [of them] obtain [the precepts]." Third, the bodily vessel must be pure. The Sarvāstivāda states: "If one who previously received the five precepts or eight precepts has broken a grave precept, and receives the ten precepts again, he does not obtain them." Thus the Vinaya states: "If one who previously received the precepts broke a grave precept and comes back to receive them, it is called the obstruction of border offenses." Furthermore, grave deeds committed by white-robed laity or śrāmaṇeras are all included under the thirteen obstructions. Fourth, the marks of having left the household must be complete. The Vinaya states: "One should shave the head and wear the kāṣāya, identical to one who has left the household. If wearing lay clothing, clothing of non-Buddhists, various ornaments, or going naked, etc., this is not called receiving the full precepts." Fifth, he must have obtained the preliminary Dharma. The Vinaya states: "If one confers upasampadā without giving the śrāmaṇera precepts, the saṃgha incurs an offense.")