僧羯磨 3.71

3.71

There are four kinds of disputes: (disputes over words (vivāda), disputes over accusations (anuvāda), disputes over offenses (āpatti), and disputes over business (kiccādhikaraṇa). What is a dispute over words? It is when bhikṣus dispute with bhikṣus, citing eighteen disputed matters: Dharma or not Dharma, down to spoken or not spoken. If they argue with each other with such marks, eventually fighting with each other, this is a dispute over words. What is a dispute over accusations? It is when bhikṣus seek offenses against bhikṣus based on three grounds of accusation: breach of precepts, breach of view, breach of deportment; or based on seeing, hearing, or suspecting; seeking offenses with such marks, speaking together without falsehood, seeking companions and support to give confidence to their intent, making accusations or smṛti-kāraṇa, whether confirming this matter or not confirming this matter, not insane or not released—this is a dispute over accusations. What is a dispute over offenses? Committing the seven classes of offenses, from pārājika down to evil speech; this is a dispute over offenses. What is a dispute over business? The business enacted in a dispute over words, the business enacted in a dispute over accusations, and the business enacted in a dispute over offenses; this is a dispute over business. Applying the antidotes to disputes is explained at length in the Vinaya text.)