菩薩戒義疏 2.20

2.20

第五、不教悔罪戒，以明惡長過故制。出家二眾全犯。餘三眾及在家，雖未有僧事利養，見過不令悔，亦犯輕垢。大小同制。序事三階：一、出犯事，二、明應，三、明不應。犯事者，謂犯八戒、五戒、十戒，大小乘皆有。小乘八戒，即齋法。大乘八戒，謂《地持》八重。小乘五戒，清信士女《優婆塞經》所明。小乘五逆，大乘七逆。七逆如下文應教悔。第二、明應。凡大小乘人犯上諸罪，必有三根，應須舉處教悔。「而菩薩」下，三、明不應。不應有三句：一、不應同住，二、不應同利，三、不應同法。凡上來所制，若一往見犯，不舉是一罪。是不可同住者，復默與同住，便加一罪。不可同利養者，復差與施利，復加一罪。

Fifth, the precept against not instructing [others] to repent offenses: it is established because evil is made clear and faults are augmented. The two monastic assemblies fully commit it. As for the remaining three assemblies and laypeople, although they do not have the material offerings of saṃgha affairs, if they see faults and do not cause them to repent, they also commit a minor defilement infraction. It is prescribed equally in the Great and Small [Vehicles]. The narration of matters has three stages: first, presenting the transgressions; second, explaining what is proper; third, explaining what is not proper. The transgressions refer to violating the eight precepts, the five precepts, or the ten precepts, which exist in both the Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna. The Hīnayāna eight precepts are the fasting rules. The Mahāyāna eight precepts refer to the eight majors of the Bodhisattvabhūmi. The Hīnayāna five precepts are those explained in the Upāsaka-śīla-sūtra for laymen and laywomen. The Hīnayāna has the five heinous crimes; the Mahāyāna has the seven heinous crimes. The seven heinous crimes, as described below, should be repented through instruction. Second, explaining what is proper: whenever a practitioner of the Great or Small Vehicle commits any of the above offenses, if there are the three grounds, one must point it out and instruct them to repent. From "and if a bodhisattva" onward is the third [stage], explaining what is not proper. What is not proper has three clauses: first, one should not dwell together; second, one should not share benefits; third, one should not share the Dharma. In general, according to the above prescriptions: if upon seeing an offense one fails to point it out at first glance, that is one offense. If with one with whom it is impermissible to dwell together, one still silently dwells together, an offense is further added. If to one with whom it is impermissible to share material benefits, one further assigns and gives offerings and benefits, an offense is further added.