菩薩戒義疏 2.43

2.43

第二十六、獨受利養戒。僧次請僧，不問客舊等皆有分，而舊人獨受，不以分客，乖施主心，貪利故制。此戒出家二眾同犯，大小俱制。三眾及在家未知僧事不制。序事三階：一、有客來至。文中雖道「菩薩比丘」，若聲聞僧預利養分，亦同其例。「先住」下，二、應。應有二事：一、禮拜迎接，給僧臥具等。二、應依次差僧。言賣身供給，舉況之辭。「而先住」下，第三、不應。不應中但舉不次差僧，據後以兼前。若不與僧物分，不迎接，亦同此制。若知僧次的至，彼人不差，而舊但犯輕垢，以臨差時界外或有來者，未專有分故。差竟，而舊與餘人，餘人知爾，能差及所差並是盜方便，後得施家食䞋，五錢入手，各結重，畜生無異。或云：此為不差僧次戒。差僧次有六種，如律中說。

Twenty-sixth: The precept against receiving offerings alone. When inviting the saṃgha according to seniority, without asking whether guest or resident, all have a share; yet resident persons receive it alone, not sharing it with guests, contradicting the mind of the donor and coveting gain, hence it is instituted. For this precept, the two ordained assemblies share in the transgression; it is instituted commonly for both the Great and Small [vehicles]. The [other] three assemblies and laypersons, not knowing saṃgha affairs, are not forbidden. The narration of matters has three stages: first, guest monks arrive. Although the text speaks of "bodhisattva bhikṣus," if śrāvaka monks are entitled to a share of offerings, it is also the same case. From "Those residing beforehand" downward is the second: what should be done. There should be two matters: first, paying homage and welcoming them, providing the saṃgha with bedding, and so forth. Second, assigning the saṃgha according to order. Speaking of selling one's body to provide for them is an illustrative statement. From "Yet those residing beforehand" downward is the third: what should not be done. Under what should not be done, it only cites failing to assign the saṃgha in order, relying on the latter to subsume the former. If one does not give the saṃgha's share of property and does not welcome them, it also corresponds to this rule. If knowing that the saṃgha's turn has arrived, that person does not assign them, the resident only commits a minor defilement, because at the moment of assignment there may be someone coming from outside the boundary, so he did not exclusively have a share. Once the assignment is finished, if the resident gives it to another person and the other person knows it to be so, both the one assigning and the one assigned are expedients of theft; when they later receive the food and gifts of the donor family and five coins enter their hands, each concludes a major offense, no different from [killing] an animal. Some say: this is the precept against not assigning in saṃgha order. Assigning in saṃgha order has six kinds, as explained in the Vinaya.