菩薩戒義疏 2.46

2.46

第二十九、邪命自活戒。《大論》云：貪心發身口名為邪命。文列七事，例同者皆犯，乖淨命也。序事三階：一、惡心為利，揀見機益物；二、列七事；三、舉非結過，即是無慈故犯。聲聞邪命凡有四食，方仰及下等四。此中五事通前四食。一、販賣女色。二、手自作食，通制道俗。三、相吉凶，俗人如相以自活不犯，道一向制。四、呪術，五、工巧，六、調鷹方法。此三事於物無侵，如法自活，在家不制，出家悉斷。若淨治救，無所希望不犯，出家亦開。七、和合藥毒，殺人犯罪。

Twenty-ninth: the precept against wrong livelihood. The Dàzhìdù lùn states: greed giving rise to [actions of] body and speech is called wrong livelihood. The text lists seven matters; all comparable cases are offenses, running contrary to pure livelihood. The narrative of events has three stages: first, having an evil mind for the sake of profit, setting aside perceiving opportune capacity to benefit beings; second, listing the seven matters; third, citing the errors and concluding the fault, which is an offense due to a lack of compassion. For the wrong livelihood of a śrāvaka, there are four kinds of eating: looking to the four directions, looking down, and so forth. The five matters here encompass the former four kinds of eating: First, trafficking in female prostitution. Second, preparing food with one's own hands; this is prohibited for both monastics and laity. Third, divining auspiciousness and inauspiciousness; if laypeople make a living in accordance with divination, they do not commit an offense, but for monastics it is strictly prohibited. Fourth, incantations and spells; fifth, technical crafts; sixth, methods of training falcons. These three matters commit no aggression against beings and are legitimate livelihoods, so they are not prohibited for laypeople, but are completely cut off for monastics. If practiced purely for curing and saving with nothing expected in return, one does not commit an offense, and it is also permitted for monastics. Seventh, compounding poisons, where killing people constitutes an offense.