梵網經菩薩戒本疏 3.54

3.54

第五、闕緣義者，闕初緣有五：一、單自讚亦重，如《善戒經》說，彼云：「菩薩若為貪利養故自讚身，得犯菩薩戒住地，是名菩薩第五重法。」《樓戒經》亦同此說。二、單毀他亦重，如此文云：他受毀者犯重故。三、毀張人，王人及餘趣來替等皆重，以俱正境故。四、非情替，後不知重方便，後知中方便。五、自讚戒德錯讚定等亦重，以俱是正境故。闕第二緣有二：一、起餘趣想及疑毀俱重。二、起非情想輕方便，疑中方便。又本迷、轉想可知，於戒作定想讚等俱重。闕第三緣有二：一、雖不作毀他意，然不護他過令他生惱重方便。二、舉罪呵嘖等，以慈心故不作毀意故不犯。或呵嘖門徒等，亦為生他信心故自讚，若他生譏得方便，若生信則不犯。闕第四緣有三：一、單名單利俱重等，恭敬門徒等理亦應重。二、依慢心以無為得重方便。三、為益眾生理應不犯，仍須思量善巧，不得云我但作益生意無罪救，自謂不犯。然名聞微細難識，自賊壞行莫先於此，幸深自誡以存內德。闕第五緣，言不明了等重方便。闕第六緣有二：一、前人志強拒逆不受其毀，二、雖自讚德無人信受，故皆得重方便。

Fifth, regarding the meaning of lacking conditions: lacking the first condition has five [cases]: 1. Praising oneself alone is also a major offense, as taught in the Shanjie jing, which says: "If a bodhisattva, out of greed for gain and offerings, praises their own person, they incur a violation of the bodhisattva precept's abiding stage; this is called the bodhisattva's fifth major rule." The Loujie jing also explains it like this. 2. Deprecating others alone is also a major offense, as this text says: because if the other receives the deprecation, it constitutes a major offense. 3. Intending to deprecate person Zhang, but person Wang or someone from another destiny substitutes for them, and so forth, are all major offenses, because both are correct objects. 4. When substituted by a non-sentient object, if one later does not realize it, it is a major preparatory offense; if one later realizes it, it is a medium preparatory offense. 5. If, when intending to praise oneself for virtue in precepts, one mistakenly praises [one's own] concentration, and so forth, it is also a major offense, because both are correct objects. Lacking the second condition has two [cases]: 1. Giving rise to the conception of another destiny, or having doubts, deprecating in either case is a major offense. 2. Giving rise to the conception of a non-sentient object is a minor preparatory offense; having doubts is a medium preparatory offense. Moreover, original delusion and altered conception are knowable; conceiving precepts to be concentration and praising it, and so forth, are all major offenses. Lacking the third condition has two [cases]: 1. Although one does not have the intention to deprecate the other, failing to protect against their faults causes them affliction, which is a major preparatory offense. 2. Bringing up offenses, rebuking, and so forth, out of a compassionate mind without the intention to deprecate, does not constitute an offense. Or, rebuking disciples and so forth, and also praising oneself in order to give rise to faith in others: if the other gives rise to slander, it incurs a preparatory offense; if they give rise to faith, it does not constitute an offense. Lacking the fourth condition has three [cases]: 1. Fame alone or gain alone are both major offenses, and respect, disciples, and so forth, in principle should also be major offenses. 2. Relying on an arrogant mind, claiming to have attained what one has not attained is a major preparatory offense. 3. Doing so to benefit sentient beings in principle should not constitute an offense, yet one must still deliberate with skill-in-means; one must not say, "I merely had the intention to benefit beings," seeking to excuse an offense and assuming oneself not to be in violation. Yet reputation is subtle and hard to recognize; in self-harm and ruining one's practice, nothing exceeds this—may one deeply admonish oneself to preserve inner virtue! Lacking the fifth condition: if the speech is not clearly understood, and so forth, it is a major preparatory offense. Lacking the sixth condition has two [cases]: 1. the person addressed has a strong will, resisting and rejecting without receiving the deprecation; 2. although one praises one's own virtue, nobody believes and accepts it; therefore, both incur a major preparatory offense.