梵網經菩薩戒本疏 4.64

4.64

八、釋文者，亦四：初、標酒重過，二、「若自」下釋成重，三、「不得教人」下正制所重，四、「若故」下故違結犯。初中言「酒過無量」者，《智論》三十六種是略顯，應具列之。《四分律》第十五：「佛語阿難：凡飲酒有十過失。何等十？一者顏色惡，二者劣力，三者眼視不明，四者現瞋恚想，五者壞田業資生法，六者增致疾病，七者益鬪訟，八者無好名稱惡名流布，九者智慧減少，十者身壞命終墮惡道。」又如娑伽陀比丘先時能伏毒龍，後由飲酒不能伏蝦蟇等。又《大愛道比丘尼經》云：「不得飲酒，不得嘗酒，不得嗅酒，不得鬻酒，不得以酒飲人，不得言有疾欺飲藥酒，不得至酒家，不得與酒客共語。夫酒為毒藥，酒為毒水，酒為毒氣，眾失之源，眾惡本，殘賢毀聖，敗亂道德，輕毀致災，立禍根本，四大枯朽，去福就罪，靡不由之。寧飲洋銅，不飲酒味。所以者何？酒令人失志，迷亂顛狂，令人不覺入泥梨中，是故防酒耳。」餘失如《智論》說。二、釋成中二：先舉輕；「五百世無手」，杜順禪師釋云：以俱是脚，故云無手，即畜生是。二、況自飲者，況重也。三、正制中亦先舉他，後況自。前中「一切眾生」者，通畜生等，亦不令飲，以失利他故。四、故違結犯，可知。

Eighth, explaining the text also has four parts: first, stating the severe faults of alcohol; second, from 'if oneself' onward, explaining and establishing their gravity; third, from 'one must not instruct others' onward, directly prohibiting what is grave; fourth, from 'if intentionally' onward, intentionally violating and adjudicating the offense. In the first, where it says 'the faults of alcohol are immeasurable,' the thirty-six kinds in the Dazhidulun are a brief presentation, which should be enumerated in full. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya, fascicle 15, states: 'The Buddha said to Ānanda: In general, drinking alcohol has ten faults. What are the ten? First, bad complexion; second, weakened strength; third, unclear eyesight; fourth, manifesting thoughts of anger; fifth, destroying farms, businesses, and livelihoods; sixth, increasing and bringing on diseases; seventh, increasing disputes and lawsuits; eighth, lacking a good reputation and causing bad reputation to spread; ninth, diminishing wisdom; tenth, falling into the evil realms upon the breaking up of the body and the end of life.' Furthermore, just as the bhikṣu Sāgata was previously able to subdue a venomous dragon, yet later, due to drinking alcohol, was unable to subdue even a frog, and so forth. Furthermore, the Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī Bhikṣuṇī Sūtra says: 'One must not drink alcohol, must not taste alcohol, must not smell alcohol, must not sell alcohol, must not give alcohol to others to drink, must not claim to be ill and deceitfully drink medicinal alcohol, must not go to taverns, and must not speak with wine-drinkers. For alcohol is a toxic drug, alcohol is toxic water, alcohol is toxic vapor; it is the fountainhead of all faults, the root of all evils; it injures the worthy and ruins the holy, corrupts morality, brings disaster through heedlessness, and establishes the root of misfortune; the four great elements wither away, and one abandons blessings to approach guilt—none of this does not arise from it. Better to drink molten copper than to taste alcohol. Why is this? Alcohol causes one to lose one's resolve, to become confused and crazed, and unwittingly enter into Niraya; therefore alcohol is guarded against.' The remaining faults are as stated in the Dazhidulun. Second, within explaining and establishing, there are two: first, citing what is light; regarding 'five hundred lifetimes without hands,' Dhyāna Master Dushun explained: 'Because they are all feet, it says without hands, which means animals.' Second, by comparison to drinking it oneself, it compares it to what is grave. Third, within directly prohibiting, it also first cites others and then by comparison oneself. In the former, 'all sentient beings' includes animals and the like, whom one also must not cause to drink, because of losing the benefit to others. Fourth, intentionally violating and adjudicating the offense can be understood.