梵網經菩薩戒本疏 4.64

4.64

Eighth, explaining the text also has four parts: first, stating the severe faults of alcohol; second, from 'if oneself' onward, explaining and establishing their gravity; third, from 'one must not instruct others' onward, directly prohibiting what is grave; fourth, from 'if intentionally' onward, intentionally violating and adjudicating the offense. In the first, where it says 'the faults of alcohol are immeasurable,' the thirty-six kinds in the Dazhidulun are a brief presentation, which should be enumerated in full. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya, fascicle 15, states: 'The Buddha said to Ānanda: In general, drinking alcohol has ten faults. What are the ten? First, bad complexion; second, weakened strength; third, unclear eyesight; fourth, manifesting thoughts of anger; fifth, destroying farms, businesses, and livelihoods; sixth, increasing and bringing on diseases; seventh, increasing disputes and lawsuits; eighth, lacking a good reputation and causing bad reputation to spread; ninth, diminishing wisdom; tenth, falling into the evil realms upon the breaking up of the body and the end of life.' Furthermore, just as the bhikṣu Sāgata was previously able to subdue a venomous dragon, yet later, due to drinking alcohol, was unable to subdue even a frog, and so forth. Furthermore, the Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī Bhikṣuṇī Sūtra says: 'One must not drink alcohol, must not taste alcohol, must not smell alcohol, must not sell alcohol, must not give alcohol to others to drink, must not claim to be ill and deceitfully drink medicinal alcohol, must not go to taverns, and must not speak with wine-drinkers. For alcohol is a toxic drug, alcohol is toxic water, alcohol is toxic vapor; it is the fountainhead of all faults, the root of all evils; it injures the worthy and ruins the holy, corrupts morality, brings disaster through heedlessness, and establishes the root of misfortune; the four great elements wither away, and one abandons blessings to approach guilt—none of this does not arise from it. Better to drink molten copper than to taste alcohol. Why is this? Alcohol causes one to lose one's resolve, to become confused and crazed, and unwittingly enter into Niraya; therefore alcohol is guarded against.' The remaining faults are as stated in the Dazhidulun. Second, within explaining and establishing, there are two: first, citing what is light; regarding 'five hundred lifetimes without hands,' Dhyāna Master Dushun explained: 'Because they are all feet, it says without hands, which means animals.' Second, by comparison to drinking it oneself, it compares it to what is grave. Third, within directly prohibiting, it also first cites others and then by comparison oneself. In the former, 'all sentient beings' includes animals and the like, whom one also must not cause to drink, because of losing the benefit to others. Fourth, intentionally violating and adjudicating the offense can be understood.