梵網經菩薩戒本疏 3.33

3.33

Sixth, regarding lightness and gravity: Lightness and gravity are briefly explained in terms of five categories: 1. According to the matter; 2. According to the object; 3. According to the harm; 4. According to the mind; 5. Discerned in combination. In the first, there are four: 1. Alcohol has strong and weak concentrations; 2. Selling has large and small amounts; 3. Time has long and short durations; 4. Whether there is a time limit or not. All have lightness and gravity, which can be known by inference. Second, according to the object, there are seven kinds: 1. Selling to non-humans; 2. Animals; 3. Persons without precepts; 4. Persons with the five or eight precepts; 5. Renunciants who have not yet received the full precepts; 6. Persons with the full precepts; 7. Persons with the bodhisattva precepts. In all cases, the former are lighter and the latter are graver. Furthermore, within these there are combinations with the preceding four categories, and the lightness and gravity can be known. Third, according to the harm, there are two: First, according to violating the good, there are four kinds: 1. Causing others to drink alcohol, obstructing the cultivation of benevolence and propriety; 2. Neglecting the cultivation of worldly good; 3. Losing the good of the two vehicles; 4. Violating the cultivation of the bodhisattva path. In all cases, the former are lighter and the latter are graver, as can be known. Next, explaining the arising of evil, there are also four kinds: 1. Causing others to drink alcohol, giving rise to afflictions; 2. Committing the ten unwholesome actions; 3. Violating the four major offenses, etc.; 4. Committing the five deadly sins, etc. In all cases, the former are lighter and the latter are graver, as can be known. Fourth, according to the mind, there are three kinds: 1. According to the mind of the three moral natures; 2. According to the mind of the three times; 3. According to the mind of the three poisons. First, committing it with a wholesome mind: that is to say, for the purpose of settling a dispute, etc., or pitying their exhaustion and the suffering of cold, etc., handing over alcohol should be light. Second, committing it with an indeterminate mind: that is to say, the mind is weak while the object is strong; this should be intermediate. Third, committing it with an unwholesome mind: that is to say, having the intention to cause harm is grave. Second, according to the three times: that is to say, the minds of the aforementioned three moral natures, at the initial, middle, and final times, etc., have lightness and gravity that can be known. Third, according to the three poisons, there are three single, three paired, and one combined: greed is light, anger is intermediate, and delusion is grave. First, greed has two: 1. If out of greed because one cannot sustain oneself, fearing that life will not be maintained, doing it temporarily should be light; 2. If one's requisites are not lacking, yet greedy for profit without satiety, it should also be grave. Second, anger also has two: 1. Because of having resentment, handing it over to cause them stupor and delusion to satisfy one's original intention; 2. Giving rise to high-grade anger, causing them to commit evil and obstruct the good to delight one's original mind; the former should be lighter and the latter graver. Third, delusion also has two: 1. Supposing oneself that it is not major, thinking: 'Since this is made of water and grain, as long as it does not cause the mind to be stuporous and intoxicated, in principle there should be no offense,' hence doing it constantly without stopping; 2. Seeing superior virtue, thinking it brings complexion and strength, and can benefit sentient beings, so that even if one makes them drink, there is gain and no loss—clinging to this evil view, doing it oneself and teaching others to do it, in principle should be the gravest. Second, regarding the three pairs: greed and anger is light; greed and delusion is intermediate; anger and delusion is grave. The one combined is the gravest. Above, there are altogether three sets of three; their lightness and gravity can be known. Above this, there are shared precepts and unshared precepts, whose characteristics can be known by inference.