梵網經菩薩戒本疏 4.8

4.8

Sixth, degrees of gravity: there are five: 1. regarding the object, 2. regarding the field, 3. regarding the harm, 4. regarding the mind, 5. synthesizing the explanation. In the first, there are wealth, Dharma, and fearlessness. The giving of wealth has three: external, internal, and both. Regarding external wealth, generally speaking there are ten: 1. food, etc., 2. medicine, etc., 3. clothing, etc., 4. wealth, etc., 5. animals, etc., 6. male and female servants, 7. fame, 8. royal position, 9. wives and concubines, 10. sons and daughters. In all cases, not giving the former is graver, while not giving the latter is lighter. 2. Regarding the internal body, there are five: 1. temporarily requesting servitude, 2. taking hair, nails, etc., 3. taking as a servant, 4. taking limbs, flesh, and blood, 5. entirely taking physical life. Not giving the former is graver, while not giving the latter is lighter. 2. In the giving of Dharma, there are three: 1. worldly dharmas, 2. dharmas of the two vehicles, 3. dharmas of the bodhisattva path. 3. The giving of fearlessness also has three: 1. relinquishing evil, 2. relinquishing suffering, 3. saving life. In the above two categories, not giving the former is lighter, while not giving the latter is graver, as can be known. Second, regarding the fields, there are four: 1. field of gratitude, namely parents, teachers, masters, etc.; 2. field of virtue, namely the Three Jewels, etc.; 3. field of compassion, namely hungry and impoverished sentient beings, etc.; 4. field of suffering, namely distressed and destitute sentient beings, etc. In all cases, not giving to the former is graver, while not giving to the latter is lighter. Third, regarding harm: for the above four objects there are each two kinds: 1. causing their life to end due to not providing relief; 2. although life does not end, causing great distress, etc. In all cases, the former is grave and the latter light, as can be known. Fourth, regarding the mind: there are also the three poisons, single, paired, combined, etc., which can be known by inferring from the above. Furthermore, stinginess has three grades, like the householder Ruci and others being the gravest; the medium and low can be known. Fifth, regarding synthesized analysis: if one gives rise to superior stinginess toward an inferior object, when directed toward a superior field it is the gravest; or if toward a superior object directed toward an inferior field one gives rise to inferior stinginess, it should be light. The remaining permutations can all be inferred accordingly.