菩薩戒本疏 2.132

2.132

福慧兩善事猶輪翼，隨闕一種勝果難辨，故制令修。大小不共，七眾同學。文中有二：一、教化令修福業；二、講說令修智業。初中「常應教化一切眾生」乃至「一切行道處皆應立之」者，謂修福業雖有多門，就其要者且說建立行道處也。隨力隨能化他自作，必力所不瞻，雖闕而不犯。令修起智中，「應為一切眾生講說大乘經律」者，謂自有解智者，謂其力能為他講說。「若疾病」下別明為有難，報恩之處亦為講說，且列十種：一、病難，謂國土多疾之時；二、國難，謂惡王御世時；三、賊難，謂惡人侵暴時；四、所尊終亡時；五、往來治生時，有經本云「行末將生」；六、水火風難；七、羅剎難；八、一切罪報，謂三報八難乃至繫縛其身；九、多煩惱；十、多疾病，謂自身中有疾病也。凡為十事應講經律，使免離諸難轉諸業障，研飾神明智慧增長。若不爾者，違而成犯也。

The two wholesome factors of merit and wisdom are like wheels [of a cart] or wings [of a bird]; if either one is lacking, the supreme fruit is difficult to realize, which is why their cultivation is prescribed. They are not shared between the Great and Small [Vehicles], but are practiced in common by the seven assemblies. The text contains two parts: first, teaching and transforming so as to cultivate meritorious deeds; second, expounding teachings so as to cultivate deeds of wisdom. In the first part, from 'should constantly teach and transform all sentient beings' down to 'one should establish all places for practicing the Way,' this means that although there are many gateways to cultivating meritorious deeds, with respect to what is essential, it briefly describes establishing places for practicing the Way. One converts others and acts oneself according to one's capacity and capability; if one's power is truly insufficient, even if it is omitted, there is no transgression. Under inciting the cultivation of wisdom, 'should explain and teach the Mahāyāna sūtras and vinaya for all sentient beings' refers to those who themselves possess understanding and wisdom, meaning that their ability allows them to expound it for others. From 'in times of illness' onward, it specifically explains that one also expounds it in situations of difficulty and in places of repaying gratitude, briefly listing ten occasions: 1. the difficulty of illness, referring to when diseases are prevalent throughout the land; 2. national distress, referring to when an evil king rules the realm; 3. the peril of bandits, referring to when wicked people invade and oppress; 4. the decease of those one reveres; 5. traveling to conduct business—one version of the sūtra reads 'traveling until life ends'; 6. perils of flood, fire, and wind; 7. perils of rākṣasas; 8. all retribution for transgressions, referring to the three retributions, the eight difficulties, and even being bound in body; 9. abundant defilements; 10. abundant diseases, referring to illness within one's own body. For these ten matters in total, one should expound the sūtras and vinaya, causing beings to escape various perils, transform various karmic hindrances, cultivate and polish their spiritual faculties, and increase their wisdom. If one fails to do so, one violates it and incurs an offense.