菩薩戒本疏 2.24

2.24

有講不聽，喪進善之道，故制也。學處同異如前。二十八輕中第八戒云：「若優婆塞四十里中有講法處，不能往聽，得失意罪。」文中「講法毘尼經律」者，詮法名經，詮毘尼名律，餘文易知。四十四中第三十二戒云：「若諸菩薩聞說正法，論議決擇，憍慢所制，懷嫌恨心，懷恚惱心，而不往聽，是名有犯有所違越，是染違犯。若為嬾惰懈怠所弊，而不往聽，非染違犯。無違犯者：若不覺知；若有疾病；若無氣力；若知倒說；若為護彼說法者心；若正了知彼所說義，是數所聞所持所了；若已多聞，具足聞持，其聞積集；若欲無聞，於境住心；若勤引發菩薩勝定；若自了知上品愚鈍，其慧鈍濁，於所聞法難受難持，難於所緣，攝心令定，不往聽者，皆無違犯。」

If there is an exposition and one does not listen, one loses the path of advancing in good qualities; hence it was prohibited. The similarities and differences of the śikṣāpada are as before. Among the twenty-eight minor precepts, the eighth precept states: 'If an upāsaka has a place where the Dharma is expounded within forty li and is unable to go listen, he commits an offense of failing mindfulness.' In the text, 'expounding the Dharma and vinaya, sūtras and precepts' means: that which explains the Dharma is called sūtra, and that which explains the vinaya is called precepts; the rest of the text is easy to understand. Among the forty-four [precepts], the thirty-second precept states: 'If bodhisattvas hear the true Dharma being spoken, its arguments debated and determined, and, governed by arrogance, harboring resentment or malice in their minds, do not go to listen, this is called having an offense, having a transgression, and is a defiled transgression. If afflicted by laziness and indolence they do not go to listen, it is an undefiled transgression. There is no transgression: if one is unaware; if one has an illness; if one has no physical strength; if one knows [the teacher] expounds erroneously; if it is to protect the mind of that expounder of the Dharma; if one correctly understands the meaning expounded by him, having heard, retained, and comprehended it many times; if one has already heard much, is fully equipped with retention of what has been heard, and one's learning is amassed; if one wishes to be without hearing, fixing the mind on an object; if one strives to arouse the superior samādhi of a bodhisattva; if one knows oneself to be of the highest grade of dullness and stupidity, one's wisdom being sluggish and turbid, so that regarding the Dharma heard it is difficult to receive and retain, and difficult to gather the mind onto an object of focus to attain samādhi—if such a person does not go to listen, none commits a transgression.'