菩薩戒本疏 2.15

2.15

They are proscribed because their foul stench obstructs pure dharmas. They are proscribed in both Mahāyāna and the Śrāvakayāna, and equally for the seven assemblies. According to the Vinaya, for women it should be slightly heavier because it arouses lustful complexion. As for 'leather-leek, soil-scallion, and orchid-scallion': here there are no shallots or chives, but scallions are divided into three. The distinct characteristics of these three are difficult to know. Some say: leather-leek is the Chinese shallot (xie), whose leaves resemble chives but are thicker. As for orchid-scallion: tradition says that orchid-scallions grow south of the Ridge, with leaves resembling garlic but broader, and an odor identical to garlic. As for 'asafoetida' (hingu): the Brahman language calls wild rape 'hiṅgu-rūpa', which is not permitted to be eaten in monasteries of the Western Regions. It is also said: asafoetida grows south of the Ridge, resembling Japanese chives in shape, with a scent and taste resembling garlic. If one is ill and other medicines do not cure it, it may perhaps be permitted. Just as the Vinaya describes Śāriputra's practice, it should also be permitted for bodhisattvas. There is separately a one-roll *Sūtra on the Five Pungent Roots*, which lists five kinds for each of the five pungent roots, totaling twenty-five. It also states: because of consuming pungent roots, one enters the eastern Avīci hell; washing pungent roots upstream and washing clothes downstream is also not permitted (and so forth). In these three precepts, there are no distinct characteristics under the collection of wholesome dharmas; subsuming them conceptually, they are also contained within body, speech, and mind abiding in heedfulness.