菩薩戒本疏 2.15

2.15

薰臭妨淨法故制。大小俱制，七眾亦同。准律，女應小重，以發華色故。「革葱、土葱、蘭葱」者，此中無薤、韮，但開葱為三。此三別相難知。或云：革葱是薤，葉似韮而厚。蘭葱者，傳說嶺南生蘭葱，葉似大蒜而闊，臭氣同蒜。「興渠」者，婆羅門語喚芸臺為「殑渠慮」，西域諸寺不聽食也。又云：嶺南生興渠，形似倭韮，氣味似蒜。若有病，餘藥不治，或應開之。如律身子行法，菩薩亦應開之。別有《五辛經》一卷，五辛各五，合二十五。又云：噉辛故，入東方阿鼻，上流洗辛，下流洗衣，亦不得（云云）。此三戒，攝善中無別相，以義攝之，於身、語、意住不放逸中，亦蘊在也。

They are proscribed because their foul stench obstructs pure dharmas. They are proscribed in both Mahāyāna and the Śrāvakayāna, and equally for the seven assemblies. According to the Vinaya, for women it should be slightly heavier because it arouses lustful complexion. As for 'leather-leek, soil-scallion, and orchid-scallion': here there are no shallots or chives, but scallions are divided into three. The distinct characteristics of these three are difficult to know. Some say: leather-leek is the Chinese shallot (xie), whose leaves resemble chives but are thicker. As for orchid-scallion: tradition says that orchid-scallions grow south of the Ridge, with leaves resembling garlic but broader, and an odor identical to garlic. As for 'asafoetida' (hingu): the Brahman language calls wild rape 'hiṅgu-rūpa', which is not permitted to be eaten in monasteries of the Western Regions. It is also said: asafoetida grows south of the Ridge, resembling Japanese chives in shape, with a scent and taste resembling garlic. If one is ill and other medicines do not cure it, it may perhaps be permitted. Just as the Vinaya describes Śāriputra's practice, it should also be permitted for bodhisattvas. There is separately a one-roll *Sūtra on the Five Pungent Roots*, which lists five kinds for each of the five pungent roots, totaling twenty-five. It also states: because of consuming pungent roots, one enters the eastern Avīci hell; washing pungent roots upstream and washing clothes downstream is also not permitted (and so forth). In these three precepts, there are no distinct characteristics under the collection of wholesome dharmas; subsuming them conceptually, they are also contained within body, speech, and mind abiding in heedfulness.