法華論疏 1.119

1.119

有四種者，總唱方便有四種也。一者攝取妙法方便者，標方便名。住持妙法已下，釋方便名。住持妙法者，即上皆得陀羅尼，以得聞持故。今所聞妙法不失，即是住持。以樂說者，攝上樂說辨才。為人說者，攝上轉不退轉法輪。故以經三句攝取妙法方便。問：云何名此為方便？答：即住持乃至為人說名方便。問：云何名妙法？答：初句皆於三菩提不退轉，即以菩提為妙法。二者攝取善知識方便者，標方便名。以依善知識下，釋方便。又攝經三句，以依善知識即經文無量百千萬億諸佛。所作應作者，攝經三句：一攝供養、二攝於諸佛所種諸善根、三攝常為諸佛之所護念。此三竝是依善知識所作應作事。三者攝取眾生方便者，標方便名。以不捨眾生故者，釋方便。即攝經以大方便、即攝經以大慈悲而修身心。四者攝取智方便者，標方便名。以教化眾生令入彼智者，釋方便也。則攝經善入佛慧通達大智也。

"There are four kinds" generally proclaims that there are four kinds of skillful means. "First, the skillful means of gathering the sublime Dharma" names the skillful means. From "by upholding the sublime Dharma" onward explains the name of the skillful means. "Upholding the sublime Dharma" corresponds to the [sūtra phrase] above, "all attained dhāraṇīs," because having attained hearing and retention, the sublime Dharma that is now heard is not lost—this is "upholding." "With delight in speech" gathers the "eloquence of delight in speech" above. "Expounds it to others" gathers the "turning the irreversible wheel of the Dharma" above. Thus, by means of three phrases from the sūtra, it covers the skillful means of gathering the sublime Dharma. Question: Why is this called skillful means? Answer: That is, from upholding up to expounding to others is called skillful means. Question: What is called the sublime Dharma? Answer: The opening phrase [of the sūtra] states "all irreversible regarding saṃbodhi," so bodhi is taken as the sublime Dharma. "Second, the skillful means of gathering good spiritual friends" names the skillful means. From "because one relies on good spiritual friends" onward explains the skillful means. It also gathers three phrases from the sūtra: "relying on good spiritual friends" corresponds to the sūtra text's "immeasurable hundreds of thousands of myriads of koṭis of buddhas." "Performs what ought to be performed" gathers three phrases from the sūtra: first, it gathers making offerings; second, it gathers planting roots of goodness in the presence of buddhas; third, it gathers always being protected and kept in mind by all buddhas. These three are all matters of what ought to be performed by relying on good spiritual friends. "Third, the skillful means of gathering sentient beings" names the skillful means. "Because one does not abandon sentient beings" explains the skillful means. That is, it gathers the sūtra's "with great skillful means" and gathers the sūtra's "cultivating body and mind with great compassion." "Fourth, the skillful means of gathering wisdom" names the skillful means. "Because one teaches and transforms sentient beings so as to cause them to enter that wisdom" explains the skillful means. This then gathers the sūtra's "skillfully entering the buddha-wisdom and penetrating the great wisdom."