法華論疏 1.150

1.150

一無量義者，標經名。成就字義故者，釋無量義名也。字則是教、義謂為理，明理教無量也。此與《無量義經》相應。《無量義經》云「眾生根性無量故教無量，教無量故義無量。」是故今云成就字義也。以此法門說方便說甚深法妙境界故者，釋上字義也。以說方便、說甚深此之二說，釋上字所說方便及甚深也。釋上字故，故云字義。彼甚深妙境界，是諸佛如來妙境界，此亦與《無量義經》相應。彼經云「無量者從一法生，其一法者謂無相」也。如是無相無相不相名為實相，故知唯佛與佛乃能究竟。盡諸法實相名為甚深境界。問：說甚深已是佛妙境界，說方便者何等名為方便義耶？答：《無量義經》具前說於五乘，於中人天及二乘名為方便，說大乘稱為甚深。又理實無五，說於五乘皆是方便。又約理教明實方便，教能詮理，故以教為理義之方便也。是故論文但釋甚深、不解方便，當知方便為顯於理。若識所顯之理，即識能顯之教，故不釋方便也。

"First, Immeasurable Meanings" marks the sūtra's name. "Because it accomplishes words and meanings" explains the name "Immeasurable Meanings." "Words" are the teaching, and "meanings" refer to the principle, showing that principle and teaching are immeasurable. This corresponds with the Immeasurable Meanings Sūtra. The Immeasurable Meanings Sūtra says: "Because sentient beings' faculties and dispositions are immeasurable, the teachings are immeasurable; because the teachings are immeasurable, the meanings are immeasurable." Therefore it says here, "it accomplishes words and meanings." "Because by means of this Dharma gateway it explains through skillful means that marvelous realm of profound Dharma" explains the words and meanings above. By using these two expressions—"explains through skillful means" and "explains profound [Dharma]"—it explains the skillful means and the profundity spoken of by the words above. Because it explains the words above, it is called "words and meanings." "That marvelous realm of profound Dharma is the marvelous realm of the Buddhas, the Tathāgatas" also corresponds with the Immeasurable Meanings Sūtra. That sūtra says: "The immeasurable is born from a single dharma; that single dharma is called marklessness." Such marklessness, being markless and without marks, is called the real mark; hence we know that only a Buddha together with a Buddha can fathom it to the end. Fully exhausting the real mark of all dharmas is called the profound realm. Question: Explaining the profound is already the Buddha's marvelous realm; in explaining skillful means, what is meant by the sense of "skillful means"? Answer: The Immeasurable Meanings Sūtra comprehensively explains earlier the five vehicles, among which humans, devas, and the two vehicles are called skillful means, while explaining the Mahāyāna is called profound. Furthermore, in the reality of the principle there are no five [vehicles]; speaking of five vehicles is entirely skillful means. Furthermore, in terms of principle and teaching, real and skillful means are clarified: the teaching can express the principle, so the teaching serves as the skillful means for the meaning of the principle. Therefore, the text of the treatise only explains the profound and does not explain skillful means; one should know that skillful means are for revealing the principle. If one recognizes the principle that is revealed, one immediately recognizes the teaching that can reveal it, so it does not explain skillful means.