法華論疏 3.100

3.100

"Hearing the Mahāyāna Dharma yet grasping what is not the Mahāyāna" means: this person originally studied the Mahāyāna, but only engaged in study with conceptual grasping (upalambha). Therefore, hearing the Mahāyāna taught, they regress from the great and grasp the small fruit. This is like the parable of the great bird in the Pañcaviṃśati. A fledgling bird without wings learns to fly before it has both wings, and consequently falls down. Although a person with conceptual grasping generates a great mind and great practice, they lack the skillful means of wisdom (prajñā); hearing the Mahāyāna taught, they regress and grasp the small fruit. Hence in the Pañcaviṃśati, sixty bodhisattvas heard prajñā taught and became arhats. The one here is an ordinary person, unlike those in the Pañcaviṃśati who became arhats, but is broadly similar to them. "Grasping in this way inverted[ly]" means: truly possessing the Mahāyāna yet not grasping the great, and truly lacking the Hīnayāna yet grasping the Hīnayāna, hence it is called inverted. Furthermore, truly studying the Mahāyāna yet grasping the small is also inverted.