俱舍論記 12.14

12.14

「頌曰至大劫三無數」者，初一句舉四劫數，第二句列四劫名，次兩句釋壞劫，次兩句釋成劫，次六句別釋中劫，次兩句類釋餘三，次一句釋大劫，後一句便釋無數劫。問：何故四劫之中不說空、住？解云：以壞攝空，約中辨住，故不別說。又解：約中辨住，空無別體，頌中類顯。又解：以壞攝空，以成攝住。故《婆沙》一百三十五云「劫有三種：一中間劫、二成壞劫、三大劫。中間劫復有三種：一減劫、二增劫、三增減劫。減者，從人壽無量歲減至十歲。增者，從人壽十歲增至八萬歲。增減者，從人壽十歲增至八萬歲，復從八萬歲減至十歲。此中一減、一增、十八增減，有二十中間劫，經二十中劫世間成，二十中劫成已住，此合名成劫。經二十中劫世間壞，二十中劫壞已空，此合名壞劫。總八十中劫，合名大劫。

"The verse states: ... up to: a great kalpa comprises three incalculable ones": The first line cites the number of the four kalpas; the second line lists the names of the four kalpas; the next two lines explain the kalpa of destruction (saṃvartakalpa); the next two lines explain the kalpa of formation (vivartakalpa); the next six lines specifically explain the intermediate kalpas (antarakalpa); the next two lines explain the remaining three by analogy; the next line explains the great kalpa (mahākalpa); and the final line additionally explains the incalculable kalpa (asaṃkhyeyakalpa). Question: Why are the kalpas of emptiness and duration not mentioned among the four kalpas? Answer: Because destruction subsumes emptiness, and duration is explained with reference to the intermediate [kalpas], they are not separately stated. Another explanation: Duration is explained with reference to the intermediate [kalpas], and emptiness has no separate substantial entity; they are revealed by analogy in the verse. Another explanation: Destruction subsumes emptiness, and formation subsumes duration. Therefore, the Mahāvibhāṣā, fascicle 135, says: 'Kalpas are of three kinds: first, intermediate kalpas; second, kalpas of formation and destruction; third, great kalpas. Intermediate kalpas are again of three kinds: first, kalpas of decrease; second, kalpas of increase; third, kalpas of increase and decrease. "Decrease" means from the time human life-span is immeasurable down to ten years. "Increase" means from human life-span of ten years up to eighty thousand years. "Increase and decrease" means from human life-span of ten years increasing up to eighty thousand years, and again from eighty thousand years decreasing down to ten years. Herein, there are one decrease, one increase, and eighteen increases and decreases, making twenty intermediate kalpas. Over twenty intermediate kalpas the world forms, and for twenty intermediate kalpas after having formed it endures; these together are called the kalpa of formation. Over twenty intermediate kalpas the world is destroyed, and for twenty intermediate kalpas after having been destroyed it is empty; these together are called the kalpa of destruction. Altogether eighty intermediate kalpas are collectively called a great kalpa.'