俱舍論記 14.117

14.117

「以經復說至已得五戒」者，如何得知稱近事等言便發律儀？故以餘經中受三歸稱近事等已，復自誓言我從今時乃至命終捨生言故。此經意說：捨殺生等五種惡業，略去殺等二字，但說捨生。既三歸等後復自誓言捨殺生等，故於前受三歸等時已得五戒名為近事，非但三歸即名近事。此中引經文略。如《婆沙》一百二十四引經云「如說我某甲歸佛、法、僧，願尊憶持我，我是近事。我從今日乃至命終，護生歸淨。」又《雜心．擇品》云「如說我某甲，歸依佛兩足尊、歸依法離欲尊、歸依僧諸眾尊。我是優婆塞，當證知盡壽捨眾殺生，受三歸依、心清淨。乃至第三口作得優婆塞律儀。」解云：《俱舍》引略，不說前三歸等及後歸淨，但說中間。應知我從今者等，是三歸等後、在說戒相前。應知前《大名經》中剋發戒時，故但說言稱近事等。餘經復據發戒已後要期自誓，故更復言我從今時等。

"Since the sūtra further states ... one has already obtained the five precepts": How is it known that pronouncing that one is an upāsaka, etc., immediately brings forth the discipline? It is because in other sūtras, after receiving the three refuges and declaring oneself an upāsaka, etc., one further vows: "From this moment until the end of life, I abandon taking life," etc. The meaning of this sūtra is: abandoning the five types of bad karma such as killing living beings, abbreviating by omitting the word "killing" (śāstra-ghāta/prāṇātipāta) and merely speaking of "abandoning life." Since after the three refuges, etc., one further vows to abandon killing living beings, etc., one has already obtained the five precepts and is called an upāsaka at the earlier time of receiving the three refuges, etc., not merely that taking the three refuges alone is called an upāsaka. The quotation of the sūtra text here is abbreviated. As the Mahāvibhāṣā, fascicle 124, cites the sūtra: "As it is said: 'I, so-and-so, take refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Saṃgha; may the Venerable One remember and hold me; I am an upāsaka. From today until the end of life, I protect living beings and take refuge in purity.'" Furthermore, the Miśrakābhidharmahṛdaya, chapter "Selection", states: "As it is said: 'I, so-and-so, take refuge in the Buddha, the most honoured among two-footed beings; take refuge in the Dharma, the most honoured among those free from desire; take refuge in the Saṃgha, the most honoured among assemblies. I am an upāsaka; witness and know that for all my life I abandon killing living beings; I take the three refuges, my mind is pure.' Up to the third verbal action, one obtains the upāsaka discipline." The explanation says: The Kośa cites it in an abbreviated manner, not mentioning the preceding three refuges, etc., nor the subsequent "taking refuge in purity," but only mentioning the middle part. It should be understood that "from this moment," etc., comes after the three refuges, etc., and before the explanation of the marks of the precepts. It should be understood that in the preceding Mahānāma-sūtra, determining the time of the arising of the precepts, it merely states the declaration of being an upāsaka, etc. The other sūtras, moreover, rely on the personal vow of undertaking after the discipline has arisen, and therefore further state: "from this moment," etc.