俱舍論記 14.118

14.118

「彼雖已得至必具律儀」者，釋第二句。彼於先時由自誓故雖已得戒，仍未了知戒相差別，為令了知五戒學處，故復為說離殺生等五種戒相令識堅持。如一白三羯磨得彼苾芻具足戒已，復為彼說四重學處令識堅持。勤策亦然，先受三歸，雖已得戒，復為彼說十種戒相令彼堅持。此近事戒於理亦應爾，是故近事必具五戒，非受三歸未發五戒而名近事。問：云何名學處？答：如《法蘊足論》第一云「所言學者，謂於五處未滿為滿，恒勤堅正修習加行，故名為學。所言處者，即離殺等是學所依，故名學處。又離殺等即名為學，亦即名處，故名學處。」

"Although they have already obtained ... must possess the complete discipline" explains the second line. Although they have already obtained the precepts earlier by virtue of their own vow, they still do not fully understand the distinct marks of the precepts. In order to make them understand the training rules (śikṣāpada) of the five precepts, one further explains to them the marks of the five precepts, such as refraining from killing living beings, so that they may recognize and strictly maintain them. Just as after one has obtained the full ordination (upasampadā) of a bhikṣu through the one motion and three proclamations (jñapti-caturtha-karman), the four grave training rules are further explained to him so that he may recognize and strictly maintain them; the novice (śrāmaṇera) is also like this: having first taken the three refuges, although he has already obtained the precepts, the ten training rules are further explained to him so that he may strictly maintain them. This upāsaka discipline ought in reason to be the same. Therefore, an upāsaka must possess all five precepts; it is not that having taken the three refuges without bringing forth the five precepts one is called an upāsaka. Question: What is meant by "training rule" (śikṣāpada)? Answer: As the Dharmaskandha-śāstra, fascicle 1, states: "What is called 'training' (śikṣā) means that in these five bases, making complete what is incomplete, constantly, diligently, firmly, and correctly practicing application—hence it is called 'training.' What is called 'base' (pada) means that refraining from killing, etc., is the basis on which training relies; hence it is called 'training rule.' Furthermore, refraining from killing, etc., is itself called 'training' and is also itself called 'base'; hence it is called 'training rule.'"