俱舍論記 14.189

14.189

「醞食成酒至所依處故」者，答。醞食成酒，即米、麥等，名為窣羅。醞餘物等所成，即根、莖等，名迷麗耶酒。即前二酒或時未熟、或熟已壞，不能令醉，此非所遮，不名末陀，若令醉時名末陀酒。簡無用位，重立末陀。應有難言：此中但應說末陀酒，何謂別說窣羅迷麗耶酒？為通此難故作是言：然以檳榔及稗子等，雖亦能令少時微醉而不放逸，由許食故，不成犯戒。為簡彼故，次說窣羅、迷麗耶酒極令醉故。又《法蘊足論》第一云「言諸酒者，謂窣羅酒、迷麗耶酒及末陀酒。言窣羅酒，謂米、麥等如法蒸煮，和麴糵汁，投諸藥物，醞釀具成酒色香味，飲已惛醉，名窣羅酒。迷麗耶者，謂諸根、莖、葉、花、菓汁，不和麴糵，醞釀具成酒色香味，飲已惛醉，名迷麗耶酒。言末陀者，謂蒲桃酒。或即窣羅、迷麗耶酒，飲已令醉，總名末陀。」《正理》三十八釋諸酒名，非無少異，大同《法蘊》。飲此諸酒雖是遮罪，而令放逸廣造眾惡。世尊為令殷重遮斷飲諸酒，故說此酒是放逸處。諸不善業名為放逸，酒是放逸所依處故，名放逸處。

[On the phrase,] "Fermenting food into liquor [...] because it is the basis": This is the answer. Fermenting food into liquor—that is, rice, wheat, and the like—is called surā. What is made by fermenting other substances—that is, roots, stems, and the like—is called maireya liquor. If these two liquors are at times unfermented or fermented but spoiled, and unable to intoxicate, they are not what is prohibited and are not called mada; when they cause intoxication, they are called mada liquor. To distinguish states that are ineffective, mada is separately established. There might be an objection: Here one should only speak of mada liquor; why separately speak of surā and maireya liquor? To resolve this objection, it is said: Betel nut and barnyard millet and the like can also cause a brief, slight intoxication without heedlessness; since eating them is permitted, it does not constitute a violation of the precept. To distinguish those, surā and maireya liquors are mentioned next because they cause extreme intoxication. Furthermore, Dharmaskandha 1 states: "The liquors refer to surā liquor, maireya liquor, and mada liquor. Surā liquor refers to rice, wheat, and the like properly steamed and boiled, mixed with yeast and fermenting mash juices, infused with various herbs, and fermented to possess the color, aroma, and taste of liquor; drinking it induces stupefaction and drunkenness—this is called surā liquor. Maireya refers to the juice of various roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, not mixed with yeast, fermented to possess the color, aroma, and taste of liquor; drinking it induces stupefaction and drunkenness—this is called maireya liquor. Mada refers to grape wine. Or it refers to surā and maireya liquors which, having been drunk, induce drunkenness; they are collectively called mada." Nyāyānusāra 38's explanation of the names of various liquors is not without slight differences, but broadly accords with the Dharmaskandha. Although drinking these various liquors is a prescriptive offense, it causes heedlessness and the widespread commission of many evils. In order that the World-Honoured One might earnestly prohibit and cut off the drinking of various liquors, he stated that this liquor is a basis of heedlessness. Unwholesome karma is termed 'heedlessness', and because liquor is the basis upon which heedlessness relies, it is called a 'basis of heedlessness'.