俱舍論記 17.65

17.65

「四俱轉者至隨三究竟」者，明四業道與思俱轉。四俱轉者，謂欲壞他是離間語，恐他不壞說虛誑語，足前為二。非時故必兼雜穢語，足前為三，名語業道三。意業道一，名四俱轉。謂欲壞他是離間語。恐他不壞說麁惡語，足前為二。非時故必兼雜穢語，足前為三，名語業道三。意業道一，名四俱轉。以離間、虛誑、麁惡語三非時故必兼雜穢，不待說成，故不別說。問：前三語起必兼雜穢，表、無表業四各別耶？念法師等解云：「雜穢有二：謂即獨雜穢，即前三語義說雜穢名。即雜穢語離前三語，別起佞歌等，名獨雜穢。」今解不然。即獨之義當成實論，非是此宗。若依此宗，前三語起，同時別有雜穢語體，名俱起雜穢語。若離前三語，別起佞歌等，名不共雜穢語。總而言之，若三語俱起，有三表、三無表。若四語俱起，有四表、四無表。故眾事分明受五戒人一時俱得五表、五無表。彼善業道既得俱起，不善業道理亦應然。若先加行遣使殺等造惡色業，貪、嗔、邪見正一現前，隨三究竟，亦四俱轉。四俱轉中且舉三類，餘未說者如理應思。

Regarding "Four functioning simultaneously up to any three culminate": this clarifies four courses of action functioning simultaneously with volition. 'Four functioning simultaneously' means: the wish to divide others is divisive speech; fearing that they will not be divided, one utters false speech, which adds to the previous one to make two; because it is untimely, it necessarily involves frivolous talk, which adds to the previous ones to make three, called three verbal courses of action; with one mental course of action, it is called four functioning simultaneously. That is, wishing to divide others is divisive speech; fearing that they will not be divided, one utters harsh speech, which adds to the previous one to make two; because it is untimely, it necessarily involves frivolous talk, which adds to the previous ones to make three, called three verbal courses of action; with one mental course of action, it is called four functioning simultaneously. Because divisive, false, and harsh speech are untimely, they necessarily involve frivolous talk without waiting to be accomplished by separate speech; therefore, they are not explained separately. Question: When the prior three kinds of speech arise, they necessarily involve frivolous talk; are the four karmas of vijñapti and avijñapti distinct for each? Dharma Master Nian and others explain: "There are two kinds of frivolous talk: namely, solitary frivolous talk, where the prior three kinds of speech are metaphorically given the name of frivolous talk; and when frivolous talk is apart from the prior three kinds of speech, separately giving rise to flattery, songs, and the like, it is called solitary frivolous talk." The present explanation is not so. The meaning of 'identical and solitary' belongs to the *Tattvasiddhi-śāstra*, not to this school. According to this school, when the prior three kinds of speech arise, there is simultaneously a separate substance of frivolous talk, which is called 'co-arising frivolous talk'. If it is apart from the prior three kinds of speech, separately giving rise to flattery, songs, and the like, it is called 'non-shared frivolous talk'. In summary, if three kinds of speech arise together, there are three vijñaptis and three avijñaptis. If four kinds of speech arise together, there are four vijñaptis and four avijñaptis. Therefore, when the distinct items of action are clear, a person receiving the five precepts obtains five vijñaptis and five avijñaptis at once. Since those wholesome courses of action can arise simultaneously, in principle unwholesome courses of action should also be like this. If through prior preparation one dispatches an emissary to kill and so forth, performing evil material karma, and any one of greed, hatred, or wrong view is directly present, any three culminate; thus four also function simultaneously. Among the four functioning simultaneously, three categories are provisionally cited; the rest that are not stated should be considered in accordance with principle.