俱舍論疏 3.4

3.4

論「如是因界至根是何義」，此品總有七十四頌，分為三節：初二十二頌正分別根、次二十七頌分別俱生、後二十五頌分別因緣。就初節中復有三段：初六頌建立根、次兩頌釋根體相、後十四頌義門分別。就初六頌中，初之一頌述婆沙師建立、第二三頌述曇無德建立、第三一頌述曇無德重說根相、第四一頌述餘師建立。就初文中有五：一結前問後、二答根義、三重問、四舉頌略答、五長行釋。此初文也。真諦師云：「根義云何者，前已開十八界為二十二根，未解根義。根有二義：一名義、二法門義。名義是立名義，法門義是流、無流等義。」今詳此中問其根義，正問名義：此二十二法以何義故名之為根？

On the Śāstra's: "Having thus [analyzed the elements] based on the elements ... what is the meaning of faculty?": In this chapter there are seventy-four stanzas in total, divided into three sections: first, twenty-two stanzas directly analyzing the faculties; second, twenty-seven stanzas analyzing simultaneous arising; third, twenty-five stanzas analyzing causes and conditions. Within the first section, there are again three parts: first, six stanzas establishing the faculties; second, two stanzas explaining the intrinsic characteristics of the faculties; third, fourteen stanzas analyzing thematic perspectives. Within the first six stanzas: the first stanza recounts the establishment by the master of the Vibhāṣā; the second three stanzas recount the establishment by Dharmagupta; the third one stanza recounts Dharmagupta's restatement of the characteristics of the faculties; the fourth one stanza recounts the establishment by other masters. Within the first text, there are five parts: first, concluding the preceding and asking about the subsequent; second, answering the meaning of faculty; third, reiterating the question; fourth, citing the stanza to answer briefly; fifth, the prose explanation. This is the first text. Master Paramārtha says: "Regarding 'what is the meaning of faculty?': Previously, the eighteen elements were expanded into the twenty-two faculties, but the meaning of 'faculty' has not yet been explained. 'Faculty' has two meanings: first, the meaning of the designation; second, the doctrinal meaning. The meaning of the designation is the reason for establishing the name; the doctrinal meaning is the meaning of having outflows, being free of outflows, and so forth." Now examining this: here, inquiring into the meaning of faculty is specifically asking about the meaning of the designation—due to what meaning are these twenty-two dharmas designated as "faculties"?