俱舍論疏 3.98

3.98

論「世尊何故至煩惱魔故」，此明世尊留捨，如文可解。《婆沙》百二十六云「經說世尊留多命行、捨多壽行。其義云何？有作是說：諸佛世尊捨第三分壽。有作是說：諸佛世尊捨第五分壽。若說諸佛捨第三分壽者，彼說世尊釋迦牟尼壽量應住一百二十，捨後四十但受八十。問：佛出世時，此洲人壽不過百歲，何故世尊釋迦牟尼壽百二十？答：如佛色、力、種姓、富貴、徒眾、智見勝餘有情，壽量亦應過眾人故。若說諸佛捨第五分壽者，彼說世尊釋迦牟尼所感壽量應住百年，捨後二十但受八十。問：諸佛色、力、種姓、富貴、徒眾、智見勝餘有情，何故壽量與眾人等？答：生在爾所壽量時故。由此經言捨壽行者，謂捨四十或二十歲。」《正理》二十二同《婆沙》。

The treatise says: "For what reason did the World-Honoured One up to the Māra of afflictions"—this clarifies the World-Honoured One's maintaining and relinquishing, as can be understood from the text. Fascicle 126 of the Vibhāṣā says: "The sūtra says that the World-Honoured One maintained multiple vitality-formations and relinquished multiple lifespan-formations. What is its meaning? Some say: the Buddhas, World-Honoured Ones, relinquish a third part of their lifespan. Some say: the Buddhas, World-Honoured Ones, relinquish a fifth part of their lifespan. For those who say that the Buddhas relinquish a third part of their lifespan, they say that the lifespan of the World-Honoured One Śākyamuni should have lasted for one hundred and twenty years, but he relinquished the final forty and received only eighty. Question: When the Buddha appeared in the world, the lifespan of humans in this continent did not exceed one hundred years; why would the lifespan of the World-Honoured One Śākyamuni be one hundred and twenty? Answer: Just as the Buddha's physical form, strength, clan, wealth, retinue, wisdom, and vision surpass other sentient beings, his lifespan should likewise exceed that of ordinary people. For those who say that the Buddhas relinquish a fifth part of their lifespan, they say that the lifespan karmically incurred by the World-Honoured One Śākyamuni should have lasted for one hundred years, but he relinquished the final twenty and received only eighty. Question: The physical form, strength, clan, wealth, retinue, wisdom, and vision of the Buddhas surpass other sentient beings; why would his lifespan be equal to that of ordinary people? Answer: Because he was born at a time with such a lifespan. Therefore, when the sūtra says that he relinquished lifespan-formations, it means relinquishing forty or twenty years." Fascicle 22 of the Nyāyānusāra is the same as the Vibhāṣā.