俱舍論疏 8.6

8.6

The treatise says: "The six desire-realm heavens... Paranirmitavaśavartin heavens." This lists individually the names of the six heavens. Because these six heavens mostly experience exquisite objects of desire, they are called desire heavens. First, the "Cāturmahārājakāyika gods": the four great kings are the rulers; "kāyika" (host) is what they govern, namely the gods on the various terraces and on the seven golden mountains, the sun, moon, stars, and so forth. Because there are diverse classes, they are called "hosts." Second, the "Trāyastriṃśa gods": located on the summit of Mount Meru, with Śakra residing in the center; eight on each of the four sides make thirty-three in total; they are also called the Daoli gods. Third, the "Yāma gods": translated here as "timely divisions"; because they experience the five objects of desire and know the divisions of time. Fourth, the "Tuṣita gods": translated here as "contentment," formerly translated as "knowing contentment"; because experiencing the five objects of desire generates joy and contentment. Fifth, the "Nirmāṇarati gods": meaning that gods in that heaven take pleasure in transforming objects of desire to enjoy them. Sixth, the "Paranirmitavaśavartin gods": meaning that in that heavenly abode, they have mastery over the enjoyment of objects of desire transformed by others.