俱舍論頌疏論本 11.27

11.27

復有餘八寒捺落迦：一頞部陀（此云皰，寒風逼身，故生皰也）、二尼剌部陀（此云皰裂）、三頞哳吒、四臛臛婆、五虎虎婆（此三忍寒聲也）、六嗢鉢羅（此云青蓮華，寒逼身青故也）、七鉢特摩（此云紅蓮華，身寒赤色，似紅蓮華故也）、八摩訶鉢特摩（此云大紅蓮華，寒之更甚，身色彌紅也）。論云：「此中有情嚴寒所逼，隨身聲、色變以立其名（解云：初二地獄隨身變立名，次三隨聲立名，後三隨色變立名也）。」此八並居贍部洲下，如前所說大地獄傍。問：「此贍部洲其量無幾，下寧容受無間等耶？」答：「洲如穀聚，上尖下闊，是故大海漸狹漸深也。」如上所論十六地獄，一切有情業增上力感，餘孤地獄各別業招，或多或少，或二或一，所止差別多種，處處不定，或近江河山邊曠野，或在地下空及餘處。諸地獄器安布如是，本處在下，支派不定。傍生住處謂水、陸、空，本處大海，後漸流入餘處。諸鬼本處琰魔王國，於此贍部洲下，過五百踰繕那有琰魔王國，縱廣量亦然，從此展轉散居餘處。或有端嚴具大威德，受諸富樂，自在如天，或有飢羸顏貌醜陋。如是等類廣說如經。

Furthermore, there are eight cold hells: 1. Arbuda (here translated as 'Blisters', because the cold wind afflicts the body, producing blisters); 2. Nirarbuda (here translated as 'Bursting Blisters'); 3. Aṭaṭa; 4. Hahava; 5. Huhuva (these three are the sounds of shivering from cold); 6. Utpala (here translated as 'Blue Lotus', because the cold turns the body blue); 7. Padma (here translated as 'Red Lotus', because the cold makes the body red, like a red lotus); 8. Mahāpadma (here translated as 'Great Red Lotus', because the cold is even more severe, and the bodily color is even redder). The treatise says: 'Sentient beings here are oppressed by extreme cold, and [these hells] are named after the transformations of their bodies, voices, and colors (explanation: the first two hells are named according to bodily transformations, the next three according to sounds, and the last three according to color transformations).' These eight all lie beneath Jambudvīpa, beside the great hells as previously described. Question: "The extent of Jambudvīpa is not that large; how could it contain beneath it Avīci and the others?" Answer: "The continent is like a heap of grain, pointed at the top and broad at the bottom; therefore the great ocean becomes progressively narrower and deeper." The sixteen hells discussed above are brought about by the predominant force of karma of all sentient beings. The other solitary hells (pratyekanaraka) are brought about by individual karmas: they may be many or few, two or one, with various differences in location, unfixed in their places—sometimes near rivers, mountains, wildernesses, or underground, in the air, and other places. The receptacles of the hells are thus arranged: their primary location is below, while their branches are indefinite. The abodes of animals (tiryag-yoni) are water, land, and the air; their primary location is the great ocean, from which they gradually spread into other places. The primary abode of ghosts (preta) is the realm of King Yama: five hundred yojanas below this Jambudvīpa is the realm of King Yama, having the same extent in length and breadth; from here they spread out in turn to dwell in other places. Some are dignified and possess great majestic power, experiencing various pleasures and wealth, as sovereign as gods; others are starved, emaciated, and of hideous appearance. Categories such as these are explained at length in the sūtras.