俱舍論頌疏論本 12.37

12.37

釋曰：從諸有情起虛誑語，諸惡業道後後轉增。由惡業增，故此洲人壽量漸減，乃至極十，小三災現。故諸災患二法為本：一耽美食、二性懶惰。此小三災中劫末起。言三災者，一刀兵、二疾疫、三飢饉。十歲時人為非法貪相續增盛，不平等愛映弊其心，瞋毒增上，相見便起猛利害心，隨手所執皆成利刀，互相殺害。又中劫末，十歲時人由具如前諸過失故，非人吐毒，疾疫流行，遇輒命終，難可救療。又中劫末，十歲時人亦具如前諸過失故，天龍忿責，不降甘雨，由是世間多遇飢饉，既無支濟，多分命終。由飢饉故，便有聚集白骨運籌。有二聚集：一、人聚集，謂彼時人由極飢羸，聚集而死。二、種聚集，為益後人，輟其所食置於小篋，擬為種子。白骨亦二：一、彼時人命終未久，白骨便現。二、彼時人飢饉所逼，聚集白骨，煎汁飲之。運籌亦二：一、由糧少，行籌食之，謂一家中從長至幼，隨籌至日得小麁飡。二、謂以籌挑故，場蘊得少穀粒，多用水煎，分共飲之，以濟餘命。然有聖教說治彼方，謂若人有能一晝一夜持不殺戒，決定不逢刀兵劫起。若能以一訶黎怛鷄，起慇淨心奉施眾僧，決定不逢疾疫劫起。若有能以一摶之食，起慇重心奉施眾僧，決定不逢飢饉災起。刀兵劫起極唯七日，疾疫災起七月七日，飢饉災起七年七月七日，過此便止，人壽漸增。東、西二洲有似災起，謂瞋增盛，身力羸劣，數加飢渴。北洲總無。

The commentary explains: Starting from sentient beings giving rise to lying, various unwholesome courses of action progressively increased thereafter. Due to the increase in unwholesome karma, the lifespan of humans in this continent gradually decreased, down to an ultimate [span of] ten years, when the three minor calamities appear. Therefore, all these disasters and perils have two things as their root: first, indulging in delicious food; second, a lazy disposition. These three minor calamities arise at the end of an intermediate kalpa. The three calamities are: first, weapons; second, pestilence; third, famine. When human lifespan is ten years, because unrighteous greed progressively increases and intensifies, and unequal lust covers and obscures their minds, the poison of hatred increases so that upon seeing one another, sharp thoughts of malice arise, and whatever they hold in hand becomes a sharp sword with which they kill one another. Furthermore, at the end of an intermediate kalpa, when human lifespan is ten years, because beings possess the aforementioned faults, non-human beings spew poison and pestilence spreads; whoever encounters it dies, and it is difficult to cure. Furthermore, at the end of an intermediate kalpa, when human lifespan is ten years, also because they possess the aforementioned faults, devas and nāgas are angered and send down no sweet rain; due to this, the world frequently encounters famine, and having no sustenance, the majority die. Because of famine, there are the occurrences of 'gathering', 'white bones', and 'drawing lots'. There are two kinds of gathering: first, the gathering of people, meaning that the people of that time, through extreme starvation and emaciation, gather together and die; second, the gathering of seeds, meaning that to benefit future people, they withhold their own food and place it in a small box, intending it as seed. There are also two kinds of white bones: first, when people of that time die, shortly afterward white bones appear; second, people of that time, pressed by famine, gather white bones, boil them for broth, and drink it. There are also two kinds of drawing lots: first, because provisions are scarce, they draw lots to eat—meaning that within a family, from eldest to youngest, whoever's turn comes on that day gets a small, coarse meal; second, it means using sticks to pick through threshing floors and granaries to find a few grains, boiling them with much water, and sharing it to drink so as to preserve their remaining lives. However, the noble teachings explain remedies for them: namely, if a person can observe the precept against killing for one day and one night, they will definitely not encounter the arising of the calamity of weapons; if one can, with an earnest and pure mind, offer a single harītakī to the saṅgha of monks, one will definitely not encounter the arising of the calamity of pestilence; if one can, with an earnest and respectful mind, offer a single morsel of food to the saṅgha of monks, one will definitely not encounter the arising of the disaster of famine. The arising of the calamity of weapons lasts at most only seven days; the disaster of pestilence lasts seven months and seven days; the disaster of famine lasts seven years, seven months, and seven days; past this they cease, and human lifespan gradually increases. In the eastern and western continents, similar disasters arise, meaning that hatred intensifies, physical strength becomes frail, and hunger and thirst frequently increase. In the northern continent, there are none at all.