俱舍論頌疏論本 14.22

14.22

第五、第六名者，頌言「唯初表無表，名別解業道。」名別解脫者，第五名也。業道者，第六名也。初謂初念，謂受戒時，別別棄捨種種惡故，依初別捨義，立別解脫名。第二念等，雖能捨惡，非初捨故，不得名為別解脫也。第二念等，但得名為別解脫律儀，能防非故，故律儀名通初後位，無差別也。別解脫律儀者，別解脫之律儀，依主釋也。又此初念亦名業道，第六名也。本求戒思，今日究竟，依業暢義，立業道名。謂戒前思，名之為業。初念戒體，名之為道。思所遊履故，業家之道，故名業道。故初剎那名別解脫，初棄惡故；亦得名為別解脫律儀，能防非故；亦得名為根本業道；暢思起故。第二念等不名業道，非暢思故，名為後起，根本後故。

Regarding the fifth and sixth designations, the verse states: 'Only the first vijñapti and avijñapti are called prātimokṣa and karmapatha.' The designation prātimokṣa is the fifth designation. Karmapatha is the sixth designation. 'First' refers to the first moment. When taking the precepts, because one individually abandons various evils, on the basis of this meaning of initial individual abandonment, the name prātimokṣa ('individual liberation') is established. In the second moment and onward, though one can abandon evil, it is not the initial abandonment; hence it cannot be called prātimokṣa. In the second moment and onward, it can only be called the restraint of prātimokṣa (prātimokṣa-saṃvara), because it can prevent fault; thus the name 'restraint' applies without distinction to both the initial and subsequent states. 'Prātimokṣa-saṃvara' means the restraint of prātimokṣa, an appositional determinative compound (tatpuruṣa). Furthermore, this first moment is also called karmapatha, which is the sixth designation. The volition originally seeking the precepts is perfected on this day; based on the meaning of carrying out action, the name karmapatha ('path of action') is established. That is, the volition prior to the precepts is called 'action'. The substance of the precept in the first moment is called 'path'. Because it is trodden by volition, it is the path belonging to action; hence it is called karmapatha. Thus, the first moment is called prātimokṣa because it initially abandons evil; it can also be called prātimokṣa-saṃvara because it can prevent fault; and it can also be called a fundamental karmapatha because it arises carrying out volition. The second moment and onward are not called karmapatha because they do not carry out volition; they are called 'subsequent risings' because they are subsequent to the fundamental.