俱舍論頌疏論本 16.87

16.87

頌言餘三者，即鼻、舌、身三識也。色、聲及法皆通三性，唯香、味、觸是無記性，謂無記性如死無覺，故能證者偏立覺名。依經部宗，若是五根現量所證色等五境，名為所見。若是從他傳聞六境，名為所聞。若運自心，以種種理比度所許六境，名為所覺。若意現量證得六境，名為所知。於五境中，一一容起見、聞、覺、知四種言說，於第六境除見有三（解云：第六境者謂法境，無見有聞、覺、知三也。意識名現量者，從五識後親起意識所證五境，定中意識親證六境，名現量意識也）。論云：「先軌範師作如是說：『眼所現見，名為所見。從他傳聞，名為所聞。自運己心諸所思搆，名為所覺。自內所受及自所證，名為所知。』（解云：自內所受者，謂耳、鼻、舌、身識所證四境，名內所受。自所證者，謂現量意識所證六境也。由上准知，色境具四言說，餘聲等五唯三言說，除所見一，應審思之耳）。」

The verse saying "the other three" refers precisely to the three consciousnesses of nose, tongue, and body. Visible forms, sounds, and phenomena all partake of the three moral natures; only odors, tastes, and tangibles are exclusively indeterminate in nature. Because the indeterminate nature is like the dead without sensation, what verifies them is specifically given the name "sensed." According to the Sautrāntika school: if it is the five objects of form and the rest verified by direct perception of the five sense faculties, it is called "what is seen." If it is the six objects heard from others by tradition, it is called "what is heard." If one exercises one's own mind to infer by various reasonings the six admitted objects, it is called "what is sensed." If one verifies the six objects by direct perception of the mind, it is called "what is known." Among the five objects, each admits the arising of all four types of verbal expressions—seen, heard, sensed, and known; regarding the sixth object, there are three, excluding "seen." (The gloss says: the sixth object refers to the object of phenomena; it lacks "seen" and has the three of heard, sensed, and known. What is called direct perception of mental consciousness refers to the five objects verified by the mental consciousness arising directly after the five consciousnesses, and the six objects directly verified by mental consciousness in concentration; this is called direct-perception mental consciousness.) The treatise states: "Former masters have said: 'What is directly seen by the eye is called what is seen. What is heard from others by tradition is called what is heard. Whatever is conceived by exercising one's own mind is called what is sensed. What is internally experienced by oneself and verified by oneself is called what is known.'" (The gloss says: "internally experienced by oneself" refers to the four objects verified by auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and bodily consciousness, which are called internally experienced; "verified by oneself" refers to the six objects verified by direct-perception mental consciousness. Based on the above, one should infer that the object of visible form possesses all four verbal expressions, while the remaining five, sounds and the rest, have only three verbal expressions, excluding what is seen. One should carefully reflect upon this.)