俱舍論頌疏論本 16.87

16.87

The verse saying "the other three" refers precisely to the three consciousnesses of nose, tongue, and body. Visible forms, sounds, and phenomena all partake of the three moral natures; only odors, tastes, and tangibles are exclusively indeterminate in nature. Because the indeterminate nature is like the dead without sensation, what verifies them is specifically given the name "sensed." According to the Sautrāntika school: if it is the five objects of form and the rest verified by direct perception of the five sense faculties, it is called "what is seen." If it is the six objects heard from others by tradition, it is called "what is heard." If one exercises one's own mind to infer by various reasonings the six admitted objects, it is called "what is sensed." If one verifies the six objects by direct perception of the mind, it is called "what is known." Among the five objects, each admits the arising of all four types of verbal expressions—seen, heard, sensed, and known; regarding the sixth object, there are three, excluding "seen." (The gloss says: the sixth object refers to the object of phenomena; it lacks "seen" and has the three of heard, sensed, and known. What is called direct perception of mental consciousness refers to the five objects verified by the mental consciousness arising directly after the five consciousnesses, and the six objects directly verified by mental consciousness in concentration; this is called direct-perception mental consciousness.) The treatise states: "Former masters have said: 'What is directly seen by the eye is called what is seen. What is heard from others by tradition is called what is heard. Whatever is conceived by exercising one's own mind is called what is sensed. What is internally experienced by oneself and verified by oneself is called what is known.'" (The gloss says: "internally experienced by oneself" refers to the four objects verified by auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and bodily consciousness, which are called internally experienced; "verified by oneself" refers to the six objects verified by direct-perception mental consciousness. Based on the above, one should infer that the object of visible form possesses all four verbal expressions, while the remaining five, sounds and the rest, have only three verbal expressions, excluding what is seen. One should carefully reflect upon this.)